The multifunctional steel structure TV tower is a steel structure TV tower with a tourist function tower. This type of TV tower has complete functions. Compared with the reinforced concrete tower with the same function, the construction cost is relatively low, and the construction period is short. Therefore, it is more commonly used in domestic large and medium-sized cities. The tower of the multi-function steel structure TV tower is mainly used for tourism and sightseeing. It is also equipped with a microwave machine room communication machine room. The multi-function steel structure TV tower requires a vertical traffic fire evacuation and pipeline passage of the tower. Wait for the series to ask. The measure to solve these problems is to set up a shaft, so the multi-functional steel structure TV tower has a special shaft. But there are many questions about the functional architecture of the shaft. The following is based on the well structure of the dozens of multi-functional steel structure TV towers that are currently completed. Some specific questions about the design of the well are made. The use of the well and the use of the architectural design are divided into vertical traffic pipelines. Set up 2 aspects. The architectural design of the hoistway revolves around the function, it seems! Consider the cost and other factors.
In the shaft of the multifunctional steel structure TV tower for vertical traffic, passenger elevators, working elevators and safety evacuation stairs are set up for vertical traffic. The passenger lift usually arrives at 1. 5. The number of passenger elevators depends on the size of the tower and the design of the elevator. The elevators will stop at the refuge floor of the tower factory and the tower. The passenger elevator occupies a large area of ​​the hoistway, and the area of ​​the top elevator machine room is also large. The working elevator is generally 0.50. Fen. The working elevator occupies less shaft area and the building layout is more flexible, so it can often rise to the non-main floor of the upper part of the tower. These floors are generally microwave equipment room and communication equipment room. In this way, the installation and maintenance of the launch equipment and the up and down of the staff on duty are more convenient. It is often not necessary to invest in a tower with a small investment and also as an elevator.
The elevators of multi-functional steel structure TV towers often have the function of fire elevators. The speed of the elevator is generally selected within 3, so that it can send tourists to Yulou at about 1. It doesn't make tourists feel bored, and can save cost.
Safety evacuation stairs are enclosed in the shaft. It also revolves around the open-air stairs around the well. The former is more convenient to use and is not affected by climatic conditions. However, the space occupied by the shaft is large, and the corresponding positive pressure air supply equipment is required, and the investment is large. The latter investment is small, but it is inconvenient to use in rain and snow, and is generally used for small towers. The slope of the safety evacuation stairs should not be greater than 45, and the width should be designed according to the corresponding fire codes. Design and construction tend to be standardized. In the height range of the tower, the evacuation stairs also have the effect of normal traffic, so its slope can be placed more gently. For some large towers, in order to meet the needs of fire protection, the safety evacuation stairs can be made into scissors type, that is, two safety evacuation stairs are set in the same shaft space. Large-scale multi-functional steel structure TV tower shaft private level Pingxue Pavilion 1.
In order to reduce the wind force on the well and reduce the outside of the hoistway, the plane of the hoistway is made into a circle or a regular polygon close to a circle. The space occupied by elevator shafts and safety evacuation stairs is like a square in the middle of the shaft. The irregularities around it and the starry sky waves are set as feeder wells, cable wells, water pipe wells, air pipe wells, etc. The plane size of the pipeline well should be determined according to actual needs, but the overall layout of the shaft should also be taken into consideration, so that the cross section of the shaft is not excessively thick, causing structural and external appearance to facilitate maintenance. The board communicates with the stair rest platform. The pipeline well should be closed at every 10 heights for horizontal fire protection.
In severe cold areas, the heat preservation of water pipe wells should be treated specially. At the same time as heat preservation, supplemented by electric heating cable or heater to prevent the pipe from freezing and cracking.
Outer maintenance system design of the hoistway In addition to the requirements of wind, rain and heat insulation, the design of the outer maintenance system of the hoistway also requires safety and beauty. In order to prevent the shaft from appearing very heavy, the aluminum shaft and glass curtain wall are used to decorate the shaft. Xiao's appearance is transparent, light and full of sense of the times. The shape of the hoistway is generally a regular decagon or a regular hexadecimal which is a multiple of the number of tower sides so that it is close to the factory circle. Reduce windward and easy processing.
The glass of Tao is called mirrored laminated glass. This can ensure safety, even if the laminated glass is broken, it will not fall and hurt people from high altitude. It is a structural component that increases the beauty of the appearance and disguise the mess in the shaft.
The maintenance of the curtain wall outside the shaft must ensure no leakage and thermal insulation, which is particularly important in severe cold areas. The maintenance curtain wall outside the shaft is horizontal to the tower, and the connection cannot be connected. The connection point of the diaphragm should penetrate the curtain wall. This is an important part of anti-leakage and must be carefully designed and constructed. The insulation material of the shaft must be fireproof, and it should not emit harmful fumes under high temperature baking.
There are many internal partition walls of the hoistway, and different functional parts should be separated by fire partition walls. The fireproof partition wall is generally made of Baode board or gypsum board on both sides, filled with fireproof thermal insulation materials such as rock wool. Generally, according to the fire resistance time requirements of fire protection, the steel structure of the hoistway should be sprayed with fireproof coating first, and then enclosed in the partition wall.
The safety evacuation building in Jin Xiao is required to supply air along the entire length. The front room of the staircase and the front room of the elevator of the ventilation tower must also have positive pressure air supply and the door of the front room of automatic spraying must be a fire door.
The structural function and structural design of the hoistway are divided into the normal use phase structural function and the installation phase structural function.
The structural functions of the hoistway in normal use state not only support the building and structure of each floor, but also have the function of the main structure.
For the general steel tower, the main structural function of the hoistway is to support the horizontal separation of the tower in the vertical direction. The diaphragm plays an important role in maintaining the overall geometry of the steel tower and reducing the deformation of the steel tower. If there is no vertical support of the hoistway, the calculated length of the diaphragm will increase by more than 1 times. In order to maintain the proper length-to-slenderness ratio of the diaphragm, the amount of material used must be increased several times.
For the hyperbolic parabolic tower, the hoistway is the parabolic arrangement of the main body of the tower. Resist various external loads.
The installation process of the hoistway in the steel tower is often used as the support structure 4 of the installation equipment, and its structure form. Convenient operating conditions provide a rare advantage for installation operations, whether it is tower crane installation. It is also inseparable from the hoistway installation. There can also be elevators in the shaft to transport auxiliary materials and personnel. Therefore, the design of the hoistway should also take into account the installation. (1) The hoistway can withstand all kinds of vertical loads in the hoistway vertically, half the weight of each layer and the vertical load from all platforms connected to the hoistway. The vertical load is relatively large and generally dominates. The live load of the staircase and level 1 in the vertical elevation can be multiplied by the reduction factor of the load combination according to the specification requirements.
2 The horizontal load of the shaft is mainly wind load and earthquake action. Since the horizontal stiffness of the hoistway itself is very small compared with the tower body, it is generally assumed that the horizontal load on the hoistway is only borne by the hoistway between the two floors of the diaphragm. At the diaphragm on the first floor, the hoistway transmits horizontal load across the diaphragm to the tower body, which is the horizontal horizontal support point of the hoistway. Of course, the shaft itself has a fixed stiffness, and the shaft and tower also have deformation coordination. The stairwell is often removed due to the use of vertical seeking. The horizontal stiffness of the shaft is very small compared to the tower. This way the overall effect is negligible.
The temperature effect of the shaft can not be ignored because of the multi-functional steel tower in the cold area. In order to ensure that the water pipe does not freeze and crack, the winter temperature in the hoistway must be kept at between zero and five. When the tower body is exposed to severe cold weather, the temperature difference between the two can reach 3, 0 to 4. Due to the large scale of the shaft in the height direction, the temperature difference between the shaft and the tower is relatively large. In the design of the shaft structure, the shaft should be disconnected from the platform in the tower. ± The platform of the bridge in the tower body is supported by the tower body and cantilevered inward.
There is a fixed gap between the shaft and the platform in the tower, and the decoration of the two is also independent. There is a ramp plate that can be rotated at the intersection of the plane. This can avoid local damage and inconvenience caused by the temperature difference effect.
At the junction of the hoistway and the diaphragm, the connection point should have the ability to make small rotations, but because the deformation is orthogonal to the lateral and axis, it is not necessary to calculate the diaphragm 1 and temperature effect.
In the structural design of the shaft, the foundation design is more important. Since the shaft is mainly subjected to vertical loads, and the vertical loads account for the majority of dead loads, the stress conditions of the foundation are very different from those of the tower foundation. In the force of the steel tower column foundation. The effect caused by mountain wind load often accounts for more than 50, while the constant load effect is less than 50. This raises the question that if the two parts of the foundation are set according to the strength, the load ratio is much larger, so the well is The settlement is often greater than the settlement at the foot of the tower.
This phenomenon is particularly serious on soft ground. In order to ensure the normal use of the hoistway and the coordination of the deformation of the hoistway and the tower body, the design of the hoistway foundation should take deformation as the control condition. The design of the original shell 1 was based on the settlement of the shaft foundation and the settlement of the tower foot. In this way, the strength of the foundation will be insufficient, but the normal use of the structure is guaranteed.
In the design of the shaft, how to layer, that is, where to place the crossbar is a question that should be considered comprehensively. The factors that affect layering are: ①the horizontal elevation of the tower ② the elevation of each floor ③ the fixed spacing requirements of the track in the elevator shaft ④ the requirements of the layout of the elevator ⑤ the standardization requirements of design and production.
Since the horizontal force of the hoistway needs to be transmitted through the diaphragm, the crossbar must be installed at the elevation of the diaphragm to reduce the additional bending of the well Xiaozhu. At the elevation of the preparation floor of the tower, there are elevators and stairs to open the door. Crossbar. The fixed pitch of the elevator track is generally 2 large elevators up to 2.5 melons, so the spacing of the crossbar should not be too large. The slope of the staircase in the hoistway should not be greater than 45, and the horizontal size of the hoistway is restricted, so the height of the standard section of the staircase is also restricted by many factors. 1 The rest of the staircase is preferably the same, with crossbars. During processing and installation, the components of the shaft and their connections should be standardized as much as possible. So the layering of the well is very complicated and should be carefully considered. And it is difficult to get a perfect solution.
The review of the installation status of the shaft must result in different stress conditions according to the actual situation. The internal structure layout of the hoistway because of the particularity of the space occupied by the staircase will also remove some horizontal bars on the longitudinal section, so that the overall resistance of the well will have a large difference in ability in different directions, so it must be taken into account in the design. consider. The stress on the mountain installation stage is relatively uneven. For example, during the installation of the shaft, the upper cantilever section and the lower height range are more stressed, and the lower part is mainly subjected to compression, so the tool can be used in the design. The support reinforces the side part with greater force against lateral force. With the rise of the shaft, the lower support is continuously replaced to the upper. In this way, it is not necessary to reinforce the entire shaft, which can reduce the additional investment caused by installation and reinforcement of the shaft material. Angle steel or steel pipe can be used. Angle shafts are mostly used for the shafts of small steel towers. For the shafts of large steel towers, the main columns should be made of seamless steel tubes, and the webs can be angle steel.
Channel beams can be used for the beams with larger bending. Flange connection is suitable for the connection of steel pipe columns, and the rigidity is relatively large. The connection of angle steel and channel steel is mainly based on the shear resistance of bolts.
In the shaft design, the structural design of the elevator machine room at the top is also very important. This is because the elevator machine room is under considerable stress, the ground requires openings, and the upper level also needs an inspection ring. These special features should not be taken lightly.
The well design of the large-scale multifunctional steel structure TV tower is a complex system design, and many leaky designs related to the use of functional buildings and structures should be fully tested. To meet the requirements of this function, and to achieve these functions with less investment, 1 Wang Zhaomin, 1 dish tower mast structure. Shanghai Tongji University Press,
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