In 2015, a group of scientists at the Russian company 3D Bioprinting Solutions successfully printed the thyroid gland in 3D and transplanted it to a mouse. Now, scientists have made new progress, and published a paper called "bioprinting functional vascularized mouse thyroid structure."
Although the thyroid can cause complex problems, it is a relatively simple structure, so it is easy to become the target of 3D printing. "The thyroid gland is an endocrine organ with an anatomical structure that is relatively simple, without a complex catheter system, consisting essentially of thyroid follicles and vascular systems," the researchers explained.
The researchers used a 3D printing technology without a scaffold and a self-integrating tissue sphere. They used the thyroid sphere (TS) and the allantoic sphere (AS) as sources of thyroid cells and endothelial cells, using a custom bioprinter to print the two spheres into a tight formation in a collagen hydrogel. Then, endothelial cells that are placed next to the thyroid sphere invade them and vascularize them. At the same time, epithelial cells from the thyroid sphere form follicles.
The bioprinter used in this process, called Fabion, was developed in-house and consists of multiple functional components, including a syringe pump, a fluid chip, a loading piston, a capture piston and a deposition piston (with a groove on top). For liquid removal). These components work together to ensure the high precision of 3D printing, which deposits a single tissue sphere at a time. The bioprinter also includes a heating and cooling system to better control the polymerization of the collagen hydrogel. The 3D printed thyroid structure is cultured for 4 days in a collagen hydrogel.
Subsequently, the researchers transplanted the 3D printed thyroid gland to mice with hypothyroidism and tested the mice three and five weeks later. The results showed that the thyroid hormone levels in the mice increased significantly, indicating that this 3D printed organ does not ruin the mission. Histological evaluation also showed that this bioprinted thyroid gland could successfully mature and fuse with other parts of the mouse.
According to reports, the researchers plan to print a human thyroid gland in 3D in 2018, and will also collaborate with the University of Oulu to print a mini-kidney with kidney tissue cells. “Ultimately, our method will be able to print out any human organs,†the researchers said.
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