The development of outdoor sports is getting faster and faster, and it has also received more and more people's attention and respect. Today we share with you some special parts, special damage handling principles, methods and precautions to avoid delays due to processing or processing errors. Lifelong regret.
Special Note: No matter what kind of injury, no matter what kind of treatment, remember to call for help for the first time, call 120 or 119, so that professionals to the scene to participate in the treatment, so as to avoid the treatment is not timely, incorrect, ineffective, or even missed Or misdiagnosis, causing unnecessary consequences, leaving regret for life.
Bleeding
Handling principles:
1. Directly compress the wound to achieve hemostasis.
2. When the effect of hemostasis is not obvious, hemostasis is performed on the upper and lower limbs (hands and feet).
(a) Shiatsu method:
1. Put gauze, a clean handkerchief or tape (in the case of emergency, there is no hemostatic tape around, press directly with your finger to stop the bleeding) and put it on the wound. Press hard until bleeding stops.
Note: When a band-aid or the like is directly attached to a wound, its fibers are attached to the wound and it is the main cause of pain and infection. Please use it with caution.
2. Make the wound higher than the heart, press the wound, can effectively stop the bleeding.
3. Wrap bandages on gauze. However, if the excessive force will stop the flow of blood in the blood vessels, therefore, the degree of bailability can reach the level of hemostasis, it should not be too tight.
4. Do not open the bandage immediately after hemostasis. Get medical attention as soon as possible.
5. If the above method does not stop bleeding, use a tourniquet.
(ii) Use of tourniquet:
1, the cloth belts stacked into 5 cm wide can be used as a tourniquet (girdle, scarves, bandanas, towels, etc. used as a tourniquet). When the hand or wrist is bleeding, it must be placed on the upper part of the elbow (upper arm). When the foot is bleeding, it must be placed on the upper thigh of the knee. The tourniquet must be near the wound of the affected limb. Use a tourniquet to wrap the two layers tightly and then tie the knot.
2. Insert wooden sticks, rubber hoses, etc. that are not easily broken into the knot and fasten it.
3. Turn the stick until it stops bleeding. Then, the two ends of the tourniquet and other strips or ropes are used to achieve the function of fixing the stick.
4. Wrap the time and location of the tourniquet with a pen or lipstick in a prominent place (on the forehead or tourniquet).
Note: if the width of the rope or wire is less than 3 cm, it will damage the nerve and subcutaneous tissue. Please disable it.
Tourniquet dressing time of more than 1 hour will cause blood flow in the tip tissue and cause tissue necrosis. Therefore, if it takes a long time before arriving at the hospital, you can loosen the tourniquet every 30 minutes and avoid tightening it with a lot of bleeding.
2. Fracture
The principle of identifying fractures:
1, the injured part is not naturally deformed.
2. The bone protrudes from the skin.
3, the pain can not move.
4, severe redness.
Processing steps:
1. Use splints (if there are no suitable planks or sticks around them to make splints, use magazines, newspapers, cushions, cartons, umbrellas, pillows, thick branches, mountain bike pump, etc. instead) to fix and prevent fracture site activities. There should be a towel or cloth between the splint and the affected area. Splint should be slightly longer, should be to the upper and lower joints of the injury site, with a tape, handkerchief or rope fixed.
2, if the fracture site of bleeding, according to the method of hemostasis, the gauze or clean handkerchief, cloth on the affected area, the pressure after hemostasis and then fixed with splint.
3. Please be careful to escort the injured to the hospital after fixation. Be careful not to burden the injured area.
Note: Do not over-tighten the splint to limit movement. A short splint can cause instability and can easily cause dislocation after fracture.
Sprain and dislocation
Identification method:
1. Forced by force, resulting in joint swelling, severe pain (sprains).
2. When it is impossible to judge whether it is a sprain or a fracture, treat it as a fracture.
3, joint dislocation, deformation, severe pain (dislocation).
Processing steps:
When it is considered that sprains or dislocations may occur, the affected area should be cooled with a wet towel and the joints should be fixed to restrict activities.
Unnecessary handling should be avoided during medical visits. Even if it is considered that the injury is not heavy, the doctor should be treated as soon as possible if the swelling does not appear to be relieved.
Joint fixation method:
Foot joints (ankles): Put a bandage, wrapper or scarf on the quasi-compression and use them to wrap the feet. If there is elastic bandage, it can be fixed with elastic bandage to prevent joint activity.
Finger joints: Gently make a fist with your palm so that it does not add a burden to your arms. Holding a tennis ball-sized round stone, place a splint under the arm and fix it with a bandage.
Shoulder Joints, Elbow Joints, and Wrist Joints: Put a cold compress on the affected area and use a bandage, wrapper or scarf as a bandage to lift it.
Thigh joints: supine, put a cushion below the knee, so that the femoral joints, knees naturally bent to feel comfortable.
4. Trauma
Processing steps:
1. Wash wounds with clean tap water after injury and wrap them with gauze.
2. If the affected area is red and swollen, place an ice pack or wet towel on the bandage for cooling. At this point, raising the affected area above the heart can reduce swelling. If the swelling is worse, consult a doctor as soon as possible.
5. Muscle strain
Processing steps:
1. When a muscle strain is suspected, use an elastic bandage or use a knee pad to fix the affected area.
2. Place ice packs or wet towels on the bandages or knee pads for cold compresses.
3, to maintain a quiet position, while cold the affected area, while the patient immediately sent to the hospital.
6. Leg and leg cramps
Processing steps:
Straighten your legs and pull the big toe backwards. The purpose is to straighten the calf. Although this method is effective, if there is still the possibility of recurrence when the foot or toe is stretched again, it cannot be taken care of. Mild massage and warm bath therapy can also effectively relieve muscle tension.
7. Finger bruise
Processing steps:
After cooling with a wet towel, wrap the affected fingers with cardboard and other thick paper, and gently fix them with a bandage. At the same time, the doctor should be examined and treated as soon as possible.
Speed ​​ice pack:
1. Pour the water into a container with ice cubes in order to round the corners of the ice cubes.
2. Place the ice cubes in a sturdy plastic bag (about three layers). After the air is discharged, fasten the plastic bag.
3, wipe off the moisture on the surface of the plastic bag, wrapped with gauze or bandanna.
4. Place the towel on the injury site and cool it with ice packs.
It is best to prepare a first-aid kit with the car and try to make full use of the main first-aid kit so that you can travel with peace of mind. First aid kit items: antiseptics, gauze, plaster, bandages, band-aids, bandages, standing medicines, medical cards (written on blood type and medical history to provide an effective basis under very conditions), scissors, knives, tweezers, etc. .
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