I. Introduction
Color printing has undergone considerable changes in a very short period of time: improved print quality, reduced prices, and high work efficiency... all of which are widely used by home, school, and even company line numbers. major factor. On the other hand, with the increase of computer speed, the large capacity of storage devices, the growth of digital imaging technology, and the use of a large number of graphics on the Internet, printers are now used not only to print some black and white texts, charts, reports, etc. , but with multiple uses, such as: photos, T-shirts, calendars, posters, stickers, business cards, mugs, etc., so the ink jet printer color stability, tone performance, high resolution, compatibility with the software The development of sex and ink-jet materials has become a standard of quality that we cannot ignore.
Epson's inkjet technology uses extremely small ink dots of 6 pl. In halftone, it sprays 1,440 dots per inch, which is to produce 1440 X 1440 ink dots per inch (inch). The illusion of the eyes forms different colors, and the dots of ink that are ejected from each droplet are the same. HP's printer technology can precisely control the color of the ink droplets. It controls the color ink from the same position. Or spray a drop to spray sixteen drops, this can cause seventeen tone, and each color has seventeen steps, so C, M, Y three colors total 17X17X17=4913 color levels, more than two brands of The basic principles of color formation are quite different, so they must have different characteristics in color performance. There are also many new technologies, such as: PPIS (Perfect Picture Image System), micro-needle point piezoelectric ink-jet technology, AcuPhoto Halftoning, intelligent control of ink dot size, ink volume control, etc. It is of great help to improve the print quality of printers.
Second, the history of ink jet printing
Traditional printing has always been inseparable from the pressure transfer. To transfer, we must make a plate. However, the cost and time of plate making cannot be satisfied with a small variety of modern printing trends in order to find a simple, low-cost printing method. The development of inkless printing with no printing and no pressure. Speaking of the new darling of computer gamers nowadays, inkjet printers, it is necessary to trace back to 1884, the American CH Richard put water in the syringe, the pressure of the needle will fly out of the droplets, if This flying out of the liquid charged, using the power plant to control its placement, you can form a portrait on paper, this is called fog ink printing. At that time, due to problems with needles and ink, the results were poor and it was not until 1960 that it officially entered the practical stage. Ten years ago, inkjet was used for bar code processing or product serial number printing. The variability of ink jet printing stencils increased the number of conveniences, but the resolution was still disappointing; it was not until nearly five or six years ago. The quality of ink printing has grown by leaps and bounds, but due to the lack of capacity of digital data storage equipment, it is difficult to quickly spread to the average family. In recent years, due to the advancement of digital technology, the progress of digital cameras and storage equipment are rapidly advancing. It is not difficult to obtain a high-quality digital image file. Therefore, more and more computer users are demanding ink-jet printing quality, and now almost Each household has a printer, and the share of inkjet printers accounts for 65% (1999, June). It can be seen that the quality and price of inkjet have been accepted by the public.
Third, ink jet printing
There are more than 20 ink-jet printing methods, but the basic principle is to first generate small ink droplets, and then guide them to a set position, which can be roughly summed into continuous and intermittent; so-called continuous Inkjet, whether it is imprinting or non-imprinting, produces ink droplets in a continuous manner, and then recovers or disperses non-printed ink droplets; whereas intermittent ink jets only produce ink droplets in the printed portion.
1ã€Continuous Jet (Continuous Jet)
(I) Defleted dro to Print
After the ink is pressurized and ejected, vibrated, and decomposed into small ink droplets, after passing through an electric field, due to electrostatic effects, the small ink droplets fly directly in front of the electric field regardless of whether they are charged or not. When the electromagnetic field is deviated from the electromagnetic field, the ink droplet with a large charge will be attracted more strongly and have a greater tortuous range. On the contrary, the deflection is smaller. The uncharged ink droplets will be collected in the ink collection groove. (Figure 1)
(B) Undeflected dro to Print
Similar to the above one, the only difference is that the deviated charge is recovered, but the offset does not deviate from the straight line. (Figure 2)
(3) Electrostatic Dispersion (Electrostatic Dispersion) That Is Not Needed
The ink flow is still pressurized from the nozzle, but the tube hole is more slender, its diameter is about 10-15 microns or so, its orifice is fine and the ejected ink droplet will be automatically decomposed into one small ink. drop. These tiny droplets of ink are passed through the charging ring of the same electrode. Since these ink droplets are quite small, these charged ink droplets will split into fog ink again because of the repulsion of same-sex charges. At this time, they will lose their directivity and “not printâ€. Conversely, ink that is not charged will not split and form imprints. Can be used as a continuous tone printing. (Figure 3)
Intermittent Jet (Intermittent Jet)
(I) Electrostatic Pull
The ink is ejected by electrostatic force, and the ink at the nozzle hole will form a convex half-moon pattern, and then juxtaposed by an electrode plate. The surface tension of the convex ink will be affected by the high voltage of the parallel electrode plate. damage. The ink droplets are then drawn by electrostatic force. The ink droplets are charged with static electricity and can be deflected vertically or horizontally to the set position or recycled on the mask. (Figure 4)
(b) Thermal Ink Jet
Instantly heat the ink for a short time, so that the volume of gas in the vicinity of the resistor expands, and a small amount of ink will turn into vapor, and the ink is pushed out of the nozzle to fly to the surface of the paper to form an imprint. When the ink droplets are ejected, the temperature decreases and the temperature inside the ink chamber rapidly decreases. In the ink cartridge, the protruding ink is pulled back into the ink cartridge. (Figure 5)
Fourth, the factors that affect the quality of inkjet printing
1, color conversion
In nature, all colors are composed of different wavelengths of light. When light passes through the mirror, we can see the spectrum of light produced by various wavelengths. "Spectrum" can be said to be a natural phenomenon of continuous color mixing, but we can use it to define color changes and further manage the colors we need. On TV, movies, and computer screens, we use the additive method to handle color changes. He contains the main three colors, red, green, and blue (Red, Green, Blue), which are also known as the three primary colors (R, G, B). All colors can be generated by the overlapping of these three different colors of light, including white light and only three types of light can overlap. But for prints, the human eye uses reflected light to determine the difference in color. When you see a red paper, because the light is shining on the paper, the red light in the spectrum reflects, so you know it is red. of. So in print, we must use the "subtractive method" to define the color, which is the so-called three-color model of C, M, Y (Cyan Cyan, Magenta Magenta, Yellow Yellow). Because for colored light, red, green, and blue can be mixed white light, but when using watercolor or paint, will find that the color will be deeper, red, green, and blue are not white.
So use the complementary features of C, M, and Y colors to create a variety of different colors. However, since the addition of C, M, and Y colors cannot mix pure black, the color printer separates the black and forms a complete subtraction model of C, M, Y, and K in order to obtain More perfect print quality. The color print quality must be capable of truly presenting colors; the "additive principle" and "subtraction principle" are two major systems in color science. How can the light source system's color (R, G, B) be accurately converted into ink jet or The printed system (C, M, Y, K) is a very complex science, but only the precise conversion of color can achieve real high-quality results. Therefore, accurate color conversion technology is an important key to the print quality.
2, resolution
For black and white laser printers, resolution may be the key to print quality, but for color printers, color gamut and resolution are equally important. The DPI resolution is an abbreviation for Dot Per Inch, which means that the number of dots can be printed on a 1-inch width. For black-and-white laser printers, the higher the resolution, the finer the resolution and the color scale points, and the better the print quality. However, for color printers, the resolution refers to how many ink dots can be printed on a one-inch width, regardless of whether ink dots overlap. So there are so-called "true resolution" and "address resolution" for color printers (Figure 6).
3, color scale
Basically, an output image is made up of many dots (or pixel pixels), and each dot forms this image with different colors and brightness. For example, on a monitor on a television or computer, beautiful and fresh images can be presented, making our eyes feel very realistic. However, the resolution on a computer monitor is 640 x 480 or 1600,1200. The resolution of the TV is lower, but because the color is analog output, the voltage is used to control the color, so that each point can have a continuous color gradation (full Tones) to display, so even if the resolution is lower than the printer, it still feels very natural and realistic, so the importance of the color scale is also very obvious, and therefore some printers to print color with 6 colors, Adding the original C, M, Y, and K colors to the two colors, light blue and light red, the advantage of this is that when color mixing is no longer only through the original C, M, Y, and K colors To color, but through six colors can make the picture closer to a continuous color level. As the number of primaries on the graph increases, the image becomes more realistic.
4, print head control
The ink dots are sprayed onto the paper through nozzles. In general, the nozzles and the print heads are made together, so the technology of the print head itself is very important, and the left and right print heads are the ink jet technology and the printer cantilever gears. The precision of the drive belt.
5, ink
Printing inks can be classified into dye type (Dye Type) and pigment type (Pigment Type). Dye type inks have better color saturation but poor water resistance, while pigment inks have less color saturation than dye types. But good water resistance. At present, ink-jet inks are mostly dye-based inks, such as Epson and Canon C, M, Y, and K all-color dye inks. The ink of the inkjet printer must have enough surface tension to prevent the ink from spewing out when ejected. In addition, the ink must be fast-drying to prevent haziness on the paper. Therefore, the ink itself is also one of the factors that affect the print quality.
6, the printed material
All the printed presentations are related to the paper used, just as we go to the studio to wash the photos. We can get different results on different photo papers. In the case of inkjet printers, because the paper fibers used in each paper material are different, the ability to absorb ink is also different. Of course, the effect exhibited is also different. Glossy photo quality is of course best presented in photo paper; ordinary documents are printed on plain paper or inkjet paper.
V. New technologies currently being developed by various brands
1, HP's technology
HP's color-level inkjet technology is different from the inkjet printing technology that advertises the dpi resolution of color inkjet printers. HP DeskJet's multi-color inkjet printers are used exclusively by HP. Ink technology, simply put, color grading technology is a technology that allows ink dots ejected by ink jet printers to have multiple color change capabilities. This means that HP's multi-level color inkjet printers do not require Using too much halftone color mixing technology, you can achieve the ability to reproduce the natural color of the photo, so the color is more natural and accurate, especially when printing photos
(I) One of the key to print quality: "Color rank capability"
Color printing has undergone considerable changes in a very short period of time: improved print quality, reduced prices, and high work efficiency... all of which are widely used by home, school, and even company line numbers. major factor. On the other hand, with the increase of computer speed, the large capacity of storage devices, the growth of digital imaging technology, and the use of a large number of graphics on the Internet, printers are now used not only to print some black and white texts, charts, reports, etc. , but with multiple uses, such as: photos, T-shirts, calendars, posters, stickers, business cards, mugs, etc., so the ink jet printer color stability, tone performance, high resolution, compatibility with the software The development of sex and ink-jet materials has become a standard of quality that we cannot ignore.
Epson's inkjet technology uses extremely small ink dots of 6 pl. In halftone, it sprays 1,440 dots per inch, which is to produce 1440 X 1440 ink dots per inch (inch). The illusion of the eyes forms different colors, and the dots of ink that are ejected from each droplet are the same. HP's printer technology can precisely control the color of the ink droplets. It controls the color ink from the same position. Or spray a drop to spray sixteen drops, this can cause seventeen tone, and each color has seventeen steps, so C, M, Y three colors total 17X17X17=4913 color levels, more than two brands of The basic principles of color formation are quite different, so they must have different characteristics in color performance. There are also many new technologies, such as: PPIS (Perfect Picture Image System), micro-needle point piezoelectric ink-jet technology, AcuPhoto Halftoning, intelligent control of ink dot size, ink volume control, etc. It is of great help to improve the print quality of printers.
Second, the history of ink jet printing
Traditional printing has always been inseparable from the pressure transfer. To transfer, we must make a plate. However, the cost and time of plate making cannot be satisfied with a small variety of modern printing trends in order to find a simple, low-cost printing method. The development of inkless printing with no printing and no pressure. Speaking of the new darling of computer gamers nowadays, inkjet printers, it is necessary to trace back to 1884, the American CH Richard put water in the syringe, the pressure of the needle will fly out of the droplets, if This flying out of the liquid charged, using the power plant to control its placement, you can form a portrait on paper, this is called fog ink printing. At that time, due to problems with needles and ink, the results were poor and it was not until 1960 that it officially entered the practical stage. Ten years ago, inkjet was used for bar code processing or product serial number printing. The variability of ink jet printing stencils increased the number of conveniences, but the resolution was still disappointing; it was not until nearly five or six years ago. The quality of ink printing has grown by leaps and bounds, but due to the lack of capacity of digital data storage equipment, it is difficult to quickly spread to the average family. In recent years, due to the advancement of digital technology, the progress of digital cameras and storage equipment are rapidly advancing. It is not difficult to obtain a high-quality digital image file. Therefore, more and more computer users are demanding ink-jet printing quality, and now almost Each household has a printer, and the share of inkjet printers accounts for 65% (1999, June). It can be seen that the quality and price of inkjet have been accepted by the public.
Third, ink jet printing
There are more than 20 ink-jet printing methods, but the basic principle is to first generate small ink droplets, and then guide them to a set position, which can be roughly summed into continuous and intermittent; so-called continuous Inkjet, whether it is imprinting or non-imprinting, produces ink droplets in a continuous manner, and then recovers or disperses non-printed ink droplets; whereas intermittent ink jets only produce ink droplets in the printed portion.
1ã€Continuous Jet (Continuous Jet)
(I) Defleted dro to Print
After the ink is pressurized and ejected, vibrated, and decomposed into small ink droplets, after passing through an electric field, due to electrostatic effects, the small ink droplets fly directly in front of the electric field regardless of whether they are charged or not. When the electromagnetic field is deviated from the electromagnetic field, the ink droplet with a large charge will be attracted more strongly and have a greater tortuous range. On the contrary, the deflection is smaller. The uncharged ink droplets will be collected in the ink collection groove. (Figure 1)
(B) Undeflected dro to Print
Similar to the above one, the only difference is that the deviated charge is recovered, but the offset does not deviate from the straight line. (Figure 2)
(3) Electrostatic Dispersion (Electrostatic Dispersion) That Is Not Needed
The ink flow is still pressurized from the nozzle, but the tube hole is more slender, its diameter is about 10-15 microns or so, its orifice is fine and the ejected ink droplet will be automatically decomposed into one small ink. drop. These tiny droplets of ink are passed through the charging ring of the same electrode. Since these ink droplets are quite small, these charged ink droplets will split into fog ink again because of the repulsion of same-sex charges. At this time, they will lose their directivity and “not printâ€. Conversely, ink that is not charged will not split and form imprints. Can be used as a continuous tone printing. (Figure 3)
Intermittent Jet (Intermittent Jet)
(I) Electrostatic Pull
The ink is ejected by electrostatic force, and the ink at the nozzle hole will form a convex half-moon pattern, and then juxtaposed by an electrode plate. The surface tension of the convex ink will be affected by the high voltage of the parallel electrode plate. damage. The ink droplets are then drawn by electrostatic force. The ink droplets are charged with static electricity and can be deflected vertically or horizontally to the set position or recycled on the mask. (Figure 4)
(b) Thermal Ink Jet
Instantly heat the ink for a short time, so that the volume of gas in the vicinity of the resistor expands, and a small amount of ink will turn into vapor, and the ink is pushed out of the nozzle to fly to the surface of the paper to form an imprint. When the ink droplets are ejected, the temperature decreases and the temperature inside the ink chamber rapidly decreases. In the ink cartridge, the protruding ink is pulled back into the ink cartridge. (Figure 5)
Fourth, the factors that affect the quality of inkjet printing
1, color conversion
In nature, all colors are composed of different wavelengths of light. When light passes through the mirror, we can see the spectrum of light produced by various wavelengths. "Spectrum" can be said to be a natural phenomenon of continuous color mixing, but we can use it to define color changes and further manage the colors we need. On TV, movies, and computer screens, we use the additive method to handle color changes. He contains the main three colors, red, green, and blue (Red, Green, Blue), which are also known as the three primary colors (R, G, B). All colors can be generated by the overlapping of these three different colors of light, including white light and only three types of light can overlap. But for prints, the human eye uses reflected light to determine the difference in color. When you see a red paper, because the light is shining on the paper, the red light in the spectrum reflects, so you know it is red. of. So in print, we must use the "subtractive method" to define the color, which is the so-called three-color model of C, M, Y (Cyan Cyan, Magenta Magenta, Yellow Yellow). Because for colored light, red, green, and blue can be mixed white light, but when using watercolor or paint, will find that the color will be deeper, red, green, and blue are not white.
So use the complementary features of C, M, and Y colors to create a variety of different colors. However, since the addition of C, M, and Y colors cannot mix pure black, the color printer separates the black and forms a complete subtraction model of C, M, Y, and K in order to obtain More perfect print quality. The color print quality must be capable of truly presenting colors; the "additive principle" and "subtraction principle" are two major systems in color science. How can the light source system's color (R, G, B) be accurately converted into ink jet or The printed system (C, M, Y, K) is a very complex science, but only the precise conversion of color can achieve real high-quality results. Therefore, accurate color conversion technology is an important key to the print quality.
2, resolution
For black and white laser printers, resolution may be the key to print quality, but for color printers, color gamut and resolution are equally important. The DPI resolution is an abbreviation for Dot Per Inch, which means that the number of dots can be printed on a 1-inch width. For black-and-white laser printers, the higher the resolution, the finer the resolution and the color scale points, and the better the print quality. However, for color printers, the resolution refers to how many ink dots can be printed on a one-inch width, regardless of whether ink dots overlap. So there are so-called "true resolution" and "address resolution" for color printers (Figure 6).
3, color scale
Basically, an output image is made up of many dots (or pixel pixels), and each dot forms this image with different colors and brightness. For example, on a monitor on a television or computer, beautiful and fresh images can be presented, making our eyes feel very realistic. However, the resolution on a computer monitor is 640 x 480 or 1600,1200. The resolution of the TV is lower, but because the color is analog output, the voltage is used to control the color, so that each point can have a continuous color gradation (full Tones) to display, so even if the resolution is lower than the printer, it still feels very natural and realistic, so the importance of the color scale is also very obvious, and therefore some printers to print color with 6 colors, Adding the original C, M, Y, and K colors to the two colors, light blue and light red, the advantage of this is that when color mixing is no longer only through the original C, M, Y, and K colors To color, but through six colors can make the picture closer to a continuous color level. As the number of primaries on the graph increases, the image becomes more realistic.
4, print head control
The ink dots are sprayed onto the paper through nozzles. In general, the nozzles and the print heads are made together, so the technology of the print head itself is very important, and the left and right print heads are the ink jet technology and the printer cantilever gears. The precision of the drive belt.
5, ink
Printing inks can be classified into dye type (Dye Type) and pigment type (Pigment Type). Dye type inks have better color saturation but poor water resistance, while pigment inks have less color saturation than dye types. But good water resistance. At present, ink-jet inks are mostly dye-based inks, such as Epson and Canon C, M, Y, and K all-color dye inks. The ink of the inkjet printer must have enough surface tension to prevent the ink from spewing out when ejected. In addition, the ink must be fast-drying to prevent haziness on the paper. Therefore, the ink itself is also one of the factors that affect the print quality.
6, the printed material
All the printed presentations are related to the paper used, just as we go to the studio to wash the photos. We can get different results on different photo papers. In the case of inkjet printers, because the paper fibers used in each paper material are different, the ability to absorb ink is also different. Of course, the effect exhibited is also different. Glossy photo quality is of course best presented in photo paper; ordinary documents are printed on plain paper or inkjet paper.
V. New technologies currently being developed by various brands
1, HP's technology
HP's color-level inkjet technology is different from the inkjet printing technology that advertises the dpi resolution of color inkjet printers. HP DeskJet's multi-color inkjet printers are used exclusively by HP. Ink technology, simply put, color grading technology is a technology that allows ink dots ejected by ink jet printers to have multiple color change capabilities. This means that HP's multi-level color inkjet printers do not require Using too much halftone color mixing technology, you can achieve the ability to reproduce the natural color of the photo, so the color is more natural and accurate, especially when printing photos
(I) One of the key to print quality: "Color rank capability"
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