1. Pretreatment technology Packaging waste pretreatment refers to the physical, chemical or biological methods used to convert packaging waste into convenient disposal, storage and recycling forms. Pretreatment often involves the separation and concentration of certain components in the packaging waste, so it is often a process of recycling the material. Pretreatment technologies include sorting, compaction, crushing, and dewatering.
Sorting of packaging waste is the separation of various useful resources by means of manual or mechanical methods, separated and used for different production.
The compaction of packaging waste is an operating technique that reduces the apparent volume and improves the efficiency of transportation and management. Compaction technology is more common abroad, and our country is only used in limited areas.
The process of crushing packaging waste is to reduce its individual size and make it uniform in texture, thereby reducing voids and increasing bulk density.
Dewatering of packaging waste is generally used for the mixture of packaging waste and sludge with large water content in urban garbage. In order to separate useful packaging waste, it must first be dewatered and reduced in volume in order to be delivered and transported.
Drying is mainly used for packing and sorting of light materials after they have been crushed and sorted. The use of such light materials for energy recovery or incineration requires drying to achieve the purpose of water removal and weight reduction.
2. Chemical processing technologies There are a wide variety of packaging wastes, and many of the contents of the packaging are harmful chemical substances that often remain in the packaging waste after use. The chemical treatment method is to make the hazardous substances in the packaging waste into safe and stable substances through chemical reactions, so as to reduce the hazard of the waste to the lowest possible level, and belongs to a harmless treatment technology.
3. Incineration treatment technology Incineration treatment utilizes a high-temperature thermal decomposition method, which causes the packaging waste to become small in volume and harmful to the environment. The incineration of packaging waste can generally reduce the volume by 80% to 90%. The harmful substances in some packages can destroy the tissue structure or kill pathogens to achieve the purpose of detoxification and detoxification. The incineration method has developed rapidly in developed countries and has formed a complete set of processing equipment and systems. The advantage is that the heat energy released from the combustion of waste can be utilized. According to general estimates, the burning of 1 kg (after processing and sorting) of packaging waste can generate 0.5 kg of steam, and it will be a lot to fully utilize it. Resources.
4. Pyrolysis treatment technology Because many of the packaging materials are organic compounds, they are thermally unstable, so when they are placed under high temperature conditions without oxygen or oxygen, such organic substances will occur under the combined action of decomposition and condensation. Cleavage, conversion to smaller molecular weight gaseous, liquid and solid components. Pyrolysis treatment technology is to use this characteristic of organic packaging wastes, a method of harmless treatment under high temperature anaerobic or anoxic conditions.
Pyrolysis is a completely different process than incineration. Burning heat can recycle this heat, and pyrolysis is endothermic. The products of incineration are mainly carbon dioxide and water, which have no use value; and the products of pyrolysis are mainly flammable low molecular compounds: gaseous hydrogen, methane, carbon monoxide, liquid methanol, acetone, acetic acid, acetaldehyde and other organic substances and tars, solvents Oils, solids, mainly coke or carbon black, can be recycled for these products.
5. Microbial Decomposition Technology Microbial decomposition technology refers to the transformation of easily biodegradable organic components of packaging waste into humic fertilizers, biogas or other chemical conversion products, such as feed protein, ethanol, through the use of microorganisms that are widely distributed in nature. Or sugar, to achieve a harmless treatment of packaging waste. The greatest advantage of this technology is that it is possible to recycle the final product and achieve the resource utilization of packaging waste. This is a promising method.
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