Researchers from Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Massachusetts Institute of Technology and other institutions are developing a new uniform for the military. The fabric of this uniform is made of a new type of carbon nanotube fiber. Can defend against chemical and biological weapons.
This fabric can quickly change from a breathable state to a protective state. Its membrane has many micropores and is composed of vertically symmetric carbon nanotubes (CNT) that are only a few nanometers wide. It is highly breathable and uses a chemical agent to react the functional layer. Made improvements. If a chemical warfare agent is directly used to attack the membrane surface, a reaction will be initiated, closing the CNT micropores or allowing the contaminated surface layer to fall off, so that the fiber is changed into a protective state.
High breathability is the key to protective clothing, which can save soldiers from overheating and wasting energy when performing tasks in a polluted environment. The current military protective clothing is based on heavy-weight full-barrier protection or permeation protection, which cannot meet both the comfort and protection requirements. And it is a passive response to environmental hazards, not an active defense. The new material takes advantage of the unique conductivity of carbon nanotubes, and the gas conduction velocity is two orders of magnitude higher than other pores of the same size. The researchers showed a sample of a small carbon nanotube membrane. The pores in the membrane were tiny and dense, showing excellent breathability.
Biological agents such as bacteria or viruses are about 10 nanometers in size, and the micropores in the uniform membrane are only a few nanometers wide, which can easily block them. But chemical agents are much smaller, requiring micropores in the membrane to react to the threat of blockade. They modified the carbon nanotube membrane with a chemical threat response functional group. This functional group, like a guard, can sense and stop danger. Then there is a secondary reaction. After the fiber reacts with the chemical, it will flake off like scales. In these ways, the fiber can block chemicals such as mustard gas, nerve gas, toxic substances such as staphylococcal enterotoxin, biological spores such as anthrax and so on.
"This uniform is like an intelligent second skin that can respond to the environment." Said Francisco Furnaslo, the chief researcher of the laboratory responsible for the Defense Risk Agency funded project. "Its fiber does not require an external control system. It can respond to threats in the environment and make a reversible transformation. After changing from a high degree of ventilation to a protective state, it can prevent the threat of chemicals and maintain good permeability. "
This new uniform is expected to be used in the field in 10 years. "The development of carbon nanotube membranes that can respond to chemical threats is a good example of using the potential of new materials to provide innovative solutions to the Department of Defense." Cui Xi, director of science and technology at the Second Skin Project of the Dynamic Multifunctional Materials of the National Defense Risk Agency Harris said, "This future uniform will allow our military to operate safely in an environment contaminated with biological and chemical weapons for a longer period of time and successfully complete their mission."
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