Abstract: Environmental protection and green trade barriers put forward new requirements for buffer packaging materials used in China. In order to develop and promote the use of environmentally friendly buffer packaging materials, the paper analyzes corrugated cardboard, honeycomb paperboard, pulp molding, cushioning packaging paper, The current status and development prospects of buffer packaging materials such as biodegradable foam, recycled foam and foamed plant fibers.
Keywords: environmental protection; cushioning packaging materials; cardboard; foam plastic; plant fiber
With the gradual weakening of tariff barriers, the export of domestically produced goods began to be plagued by “green trade barriersâ€. Some media reported that China has become the country with the largest number of U.S. "green trade barriers" restricting imports. In these "green trade barriers", due to the unqualified packaging materials in our country, it was rejected as a large part of the country. Therefore, the development and application of “environmentally friendly buffer packaging material†with good environmental compatibility has become an inevitable trend in the 21st century.
1 Corrugated cardboard
Corrugated cardboard is a kind of buffer packaging material used earlier by people. It has good processing performance, low cost, wide range of use temperature, and it is not only beneficial to environmental protection, but also can be recycled. Therefore, many scholars at home and abroad have conducted a lot of research on the mechanical properties of corrugated board.
According to relevant information, the consumption of corrugated paper and cardboard in the world accounted for about 1/3 of the total paper and paperboard consumption. According to the forecast of experts, in 2005, the consumption of paper and paperboard in China was about 50 million tons, and the consumption of corrugated paperboard and paperboard would be measured at 30%. By that time, the consumption of corrugated paperboard in China will reach 15 million tons. With China's accession to the World Trade Organization, there is a greater demand for paper product packaging. This undoubtedly brings a golden opportunity for the development of corrugated paper packaging.
Reducing costs and reducing quantification are still trends in the development of corrugated board. Based on environmental and cost requirements, the average amount of corrugated board, including boxboard and corrugated base paper, must be reduced. China's corrugated base paper is generally high-quantitative, and the strength can reach the national product standard A, etc., so a lot of high-strength corrugated base paper has to be imported every year.
Corrugated cardboard has many excellent properties, but there are also some drawbacks: If the surface is hard, it cannot directly contact the surface of the contents when packaging high-grade goods, and the relative movement between the contents and the buffer board will damage the surface of the contents; Poor wet performance; small recovery. This undoubtedly limits the development of corrugated board to a certain extent.
2 Honeycomb Paperboard
In 1998, the United States, Canada, and the European Union and other countries restricted the export of wooden pallet containers in China, and raised stringent fumigation and quarantine issues, which were both cumbersome and costly. This shocked the packaging industry in China and led to the emergence of honeycomb cardboard in the country. The European Union Directive on Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment issued by the European Union in 2003 and the Directive on the Prohibition of the Use of Certain Hazardous Substances in Electrical and Electronic Equipment will accelerate the development of environmentally friendly electronic packaging for electronic products worldwide. The track is undoubtedly the catalyst. It is understood that Kelon, Gree and other brands of air-conditioners in the Guangdong region will integrate with the international market for packaging, and will also use honeycomb paperboard to replace EPS foam plastic liners and wooden pallets. Haier, Aucma, Changhong and other well-known domestic and international brands of air conditioners and refrigerators have also adopted honeycomb paperboard to replace EPS foam plastic and wooden pallets. The use of honeycomb paperboard material not only reduces packaging costs, but also helps to improve the company's brand and image, reducing the "white pollution" and opening up a "green channel" for the export of foreign trade enterprises.
However, the use of honeycomb paperboard products is not optimistic. The main reasons are as follows: 1) The degree of automation in production is low, and it is difficult to achieve the standardization and serialization of paper honeycomb products. Paper honeycomb equipment and products need to be further improved, improved and improved in terms of technology and technology. 2) At present, the paper honeycomb products are not only rough in surface, but also have poor printing colors and not enough grades, especially the problems of waterproofing and moisture-proof have not yet been well resolved; 3) The price of paper honeycomb products is currently difficult for users to accept.
3 Pulp molding
Pulp molded products not only have the advantages of light weight, low cost, shock resistance, etc., but also have the characteristics of good air permeability, which are beneficial to the preservation of fresh products, etc., and are widely used in the circulation of products, such as egg products, fruits, glass products, etc. Broken packaging, easy-to-break, and fear of squeezing articles on reusable packaging are the new generation of foam packaging materials that are popular at home and abroad. Pulp moulding and packaging materials are mainly made of plant fibres, molded by advanced technology and scientific technology, and used as inner packagings for industrial products, egg trays and fruit trays.
European and American countries are at the leading level in the production of equipment and the forming process of products. From the 1984 Hunan Xiangtan Pulp Molding Plant, China imported the first pulp molding production line from China. So far, China's young pulp molding industry has gone through 20 years. As a pioneer in the prevention of white pollution, China's pulp molding industry has made remarkable achievements in recent years. The development of high-tech technology and the application of transplantation have become the main trends in the pulp molding industry. The widening of the application fields of paper molded products has enriched the content of the environmental protection industry and added new means for the prevention and control of white pollution.
Obviously, from the aspect of packaging costs, pulp molded packaging materials and plastics can not compete, but only considering the production cost is undoubtedly one-sided, and it should be analyzed in terms of social costs, environmental benefits and economic affordability. The social cost refers to the cost of the recycling of packaging materials, and the high cost of recycling the foam. This undoubtedly increases the financial burden on the government. From the viewpoint of environmental benefits, whether plastics are incinerated, buried, or abandoned into rivers and lakes seriously undermine the ecological balance. The social and economic losses caused by agricultural production, soil and water resources are incalculable; from the point of view of economic affordability, with the improvement of people’s living standards, changes in consumer attitudes, more and more high-priced and environmentally-friendly products are becoming more and more important. More people are accepted.
4 cushioning wrapping paper
While developing corrugated paper, honeycomb paper, and pulp molding, many researchers are also looking for other types of cushioned packaging mats. For example, a FLEXTRA roll developed by a British company has many small slits, which occupy less space when stored and shipped. When the roll is unwound, it becomes a three-dimensional honeycomb, up to 10 times the original size, and the area increases by 20%. Play a buffer effect. This paper roll is made of recycled fiber and can be recycled for reuse. When it is discarded, it can be biodegraded. Another example is the environment-friendly inflatable paper pad which is made by inflating paper-plastic composite bag. It is an environment-friendly buffer packaging material with good cushioning performance, low cost, and no environmental pollution.
5 Degradable foam plastic
Plastic packaging materials occupy a large proportion in packaging materials. From the current domestic market, it is impossible to completely give up. Therefore, research and development of biodegradable plastics has become a hot topic of research.
Biodegradable plastics can be divided into synthetic photodegradable plastics, photodegradable plastics and biodegradable plastics with added photosensitizers, and multifunctional biodegradable plastics with various degradable plastics. According to the environmental conditions of degradable plastics, they are divided into photodegradable plastics, biodegradable plastics (completely biodegradable plastics, partially biodegradable plastics), chemically degradable plastics (oxidative degradable plastics, water degradable plastics), and composites of the above three kinds of degradable plastics. Degradation material.
For synthetic photodegradable plastics, polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) and polyhydroxyvalerate (PHV) are currently the most studied. Their properties are similar to those of PE and PP. The price is about 10 times that of PE. The degradation principle is polymerization. Absorption of ultraviolet light causes photoinitiation, so that the bond energy is weakened, long chains are broken into lower molecular weight fragments, and physical properties are degraded. The lower molecular weight fragments are further oxidized in the air, producing free radical chains that further degrade to CO2 and water.
The photodegradable plastic added with the photosensitizer is a small amount of photosensitizer added during plastic processing. Because of the photo-initiating action of the photosensitizer and the photochemical reaction, a radical initiator is generated, so that the photodegradation process of the polymer can be accelerated. This method is simple and the cost is low. Photodegradable plastics can only be degraded under solar irradiation conditions, which is limited by geographical environment and climatic conditions. Therefore, large-scale application of the degradable plastics is limited.
For biodegradable plastics, the most studied currently is the incomplete biodegradation of starch and polyolefin plastics. The degradation mechanism of such plastics is that starch granules are first attacked and consumed by fungi and bacteria, thereby weakening the strength of the plastics. At the same time, after the plastics are in contact with certain salts existing in the soil, peroxides are formed by self-oxidation and promote plastics. The polymer chains in the polymer break, they promote each other and complement each other, and the bacteria consume starch, which increases the surface area of ​​the plastic and facilitates auto-oxidative degradation. As time goes by, the polymer chain gradually breaks and shortens, so that the plastic strength decreases until the molecular weight of the polymer is reduced to the extent that it can be metabolized by microorganisms.
Fully biodegradable plastics mainly use natural polymer materials such as starch, waste molasses and biodegradable synthetic polymer materials or water-soluble polymer materials as main raw materials. According to relevant information, a new type of biodegradable packaging buffer (ECO-Foam) recently developed by a company has a starch content of ≥40%, a biodegradable component of ≥60%, a foaming magnification of 30 times, and a density of 0. 033g/cm3, can be used as precision instrumentation, high-grade electronic appliances and other buffer packaging materials, while having good environmental adaptability. The degradation mechanism is that under normal outdoor conditions, ultraviolet light, oxygen, and microorganisms in the natural world act on the product, breaking the main chain of the polymer, causing the molecular weight to drastically drop, and the starch entangled in the polyolefin molecule is decomposed at the same time. broken. The remaining substances can be accepted by the environment and return to nature under the continued action of insects and microorganisms. Microbiologists at the University of Muenster, Germany, are working on a method for producing biodegradable plastics from microorganisms. The method for producing the biodegradable plastics is to convert microorganisms to eat organic substances and convert them into microspheres (polyester compounds), which are then removed from these microbes. Microspheres can be obtained by dissolving them with solvents or enzymatically to obtain "bioplastics". The basic material of this bioplastic is natural fatty acid, so it can be easily degraded.
With the development of science and technology, biodegradable plastics have been developed, but such plastics are expensive and the processing conditions are demanding. Therefore, the promotion of this plastic has also been greatly limited. Low-cost degradable foams have become a research hotspot.
6 Recycled Foam
According to a report by China Plastics Network, the Institute of Chemical Research of the National Autonomous University of Mexico is studying a new method to solve “white pollutionâ€, which can use solutions to restore waste polystyrene foam to its original state of ball. According to the project leader, Jesús Gracia van Derek, the collected polystyrene foam is put into a solution and the polystyrene foam is separated into clean original balls. These balls can be remade into foamed plastic products. Van Derrick pointed out that the world currently uses the "melt granulation method" to recover foam plastics.
Keywords: environmental protection; cushioning packaging materials; cardboard; foam plastic; plant fiber
With the gradual weakening of tariff barriers, the export of domestically produced goods began to be plagued by “green trade barriersâ€. Some media reported that China has become the country with the largest number of U.S. "green trade barriers" restricting imports. In these "green trade barriers", due to the unqualified packaging materials in our country, it was rejected as a large part of the country. Therefore, the development and application of “environmentally friendly buffer packaging material†with good environmental compatibility has become an inevitable trend in the 21st century.
1 Corrugated cardboard
Corrugated cardboard is a kind of buffer packaging material used earlier by people. It has good processing performance, low cost, wide range of use temperature, and it is not only beneficial to environmental protection, but also can be recycled. Therefore, many scholars at home and abroad have conducted a lot of research on the mechanical properties of corrugated board.
According to relevant information, the consumption of corrugated paper and cardboard in the world accounted for about 1/3 of the total paper and paperboard consumption. According to the forecast of experts, in 2005, the consumption of paper and paperboard in China was about 50 million tons, and the consumption of corrugated paperboard and paperboard would be measured at 30%. By that time, the consumption of corrugated paperboard in China will reach 15 million tons. With China's accession to the World Trade Organization, there is a greater demand for paper product packaging. This undoubtedly brings a golden opportunity for the development of corrugated paper packaging.
Reducing costs and reducing quantification are still trends in the development of corrugated board. Based on environmental and cost requirements, the average amount of corrugated board, including boxboard and corrugated base paper, must be reduced. China's corrugated base paper is generally high-quantitative, and the strength can reach the national product standard A, etc., so a lot of high-strength corrugated base paper has to be imported every year.
Corrugated cardboard has many excellent properties, but there are also some drawbacks: If the surface is hard, it cannot directly contact the surface of the contents when packaging high-grade goods, and the relative movement between the contents and the buffer board will damage the surface of the contents; Poor wet performance; small recovery. This undoubtedly limits the development of corrugated board to a certain extent.
2 Honeycomb Paperboard
In 1998, the United States, Canada, and the European Union and other countries restricted the export of wooden pallet containers in China, and raised stringent fumigation and quarantine issues, which were both cumbersome and costly. This shocked the packaging industry in China and led to the emergence of honeycomb cardboard in the country. The European Union Directive on Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment issued by the European Union in 2003 and the Directive on the Prohibition of the Use of Certain Hazardous Substances in Electrical and Electronic Equipment will accelerate the development of environmentally friendly electronic packaging for electronic products worldwide. The track is undoubtedly the catalyst. It is understood that Kelon, Gree and other brands of air-conditioners in the Guangdong region will integrate with the international market for packaging, and will also use honeycomb paperboard to replace EPS foam plastic liners and wooden pallets. Haier, Aucma, Changhong and other well-known domestic and international brands of air conditioners and refrigerators have also adopted honeycomb paperboard to replace EPS foam plastic and wooden pallets. The use of honeycomb paperboard material not only reduces packaging costs, but also helps to improve the company's brand and image, reducing the "white pollution" and opening up a "green channel" for the export of foreign trade enterprises.
However, the use of honeycomb paperboard products is not optimistic. The main reasons are as follows: 1) The degree of automation in production is low, and it is difficult to achieve the standardization and serialization of paper honeycomb products. Paper honeycomb equipment and products need to be further improved, improved and improved in terms of technology and technology. 2) At present, the paper honeycomb products are not only rough in surface, but also have poor printing colors and not enough grades, especially the problems of waterproofing and moisture-proof have not yet been well resolved; 3) The price of paper honeycomb products is currently difficult for users to accept.
3 Pulp molding
Pulp molded products not only have the advantages of light weight, low cost, shock resistance, etc., but also have the characteristics of good air permeability, which are beneficial to the preservation of fresh products, etc., and are widely used in the circulation of products, such as egg products, fruits, glass products, etc. Broken packaging, easy-to-break, and fear of squeezing articles on reusable packaging are the new generation of foam packaging materials that are popular at home and abroad. Pulp moulding and packaging materials are mainly made of plant fibres, molded by advanced technology and scientific technology, and used as inner packagings for industrial products, egg trays and fruit trays.
European and American countries are at the leading level in the production of equipment and the forming process of products. From the 1984 Hunan Xiangtan Pulp Molding Plant, China imported the first pulp molding production line from China. So far, China's young pulp molding industry has gone through 20 years. As a pioneer in the prevention of white pollution, China's pulp molding industry has made remarkable achievements in recent years. The development of high-tech technology and the application of transplantation have become the main trends in the pulp molding industry. The widening of the application fields of paper molded products has enriched the content of the environmental protection industry and added new means for the prevention and control of white pollution.
Obviously, from the aspect of packaging costs, pulp molded packaging materials and plastics can not compete, but only considering the production cost is undoubtedly one-sided, and it should be analyzed in terms of social costs, environmental benefits and economic affordability. The social cost refers to the cost of the recycling of packaging materials, and the high cost of recycling the foam. This undoubtedly increases the financial burden on the government. From the viewpoint of environmental benefits, whether plastics are incinerated, buried, or abandoned into rivers and lakes seriously undermine the ecological balance. The social and economic losses caused by agricultural production, soil and water resources are incalculable; from the point of view of economic affordability, with the improvement of people’s living standards, changes in consumer attitudes, more and more high-priced and environmentally-friendly products are becoming more and more important. More people are accepted.
4 cushioning wrapping paper
While developing corrugated paper, honeycomb paper, and pulp molding, many researchers are also looking for other types of cushioned packaging mats. For example, a FLEXTRA roll developed by a British company has many small slits, which occupy less space when stored and shipped. When the roll is unwound, it becomes a three-dimensional honeycomb, up to 10 times the original size, and the area increases by 20%. Play a buffer effect. This paper roll is made of recycled fiber and can be recycled for reuse. When it is discarded, it can be biodegraded. Another example is the environment-friendly inflatable paper pad which is made by inflating paper-plastic composite bag. It is an environment-friendly buffer packaging material with good cushioning performance, low cost, and no environmental pollution.
5 Degradable foam plastic
Plastic packaging materials occupy a large proportion in packaging materials. From the current domestic market, it is impossible to completely give up. Therefore, research and development of biodegradable plastics has become a hot topic of research.
Biodegradable plastics can be divided into synthetic photodegradable plastics, photodegradable plastics and biodegradable plastics with added photosensitizers, and multifunctional biodegradable plastics with various degradable plastics. According to the environmental conditions of degradable plastics, they are divided into photodegradable plastics, biodegradable plastics (completely biodegradable plastics, partially biodegradable plastics), chemically degradable plastics (oxidative degradable plastics, water degradable plastics), and composites of the above three kinds of degradable plastics. Degradation material.
For synthetic photodegradable plastics, polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) and polyhydroxyvalerate (PHV) are currently the most studied. Their properties are similar to those of PE and PP. The price is about 10 times that of PE. The degradation principle is polymerization. Absorption of ultraviolet light causes photoinitiation, so that the bond energy is weakened, long chains are broken into lower molecular weight fragments, and physical properties are degraded. The lower molecular weight fragments are further oxidized in the air, producing free radical chains that further degrade to CO2 and water.
The photodegradable plastic added with the photosensitizer is a small amount of photosensitizer added during plastic processing. Because of the photo-initiating action of the photosensitizer and the photochemical reaction, a radical initiator is generated, so that the photodegradation process of the polymer can be accelerated. This method is simple and the cost is low. Photodegradable plastics can only be degraded under solar irradiation conditions, which is limited by geographical environment and climatic conditions. Therefore, large-scale application of the degradable plastics is limited.
For biodegradable plastics, the most studied currently is the incomplete biodegradation of starch and polyolefin plastics. The degradation mechanism of such plastics is that starch granules are first attacked and consumed by fungi and bacteria, thereby weakening the strength of the plastics. At the same time, after the plastics are in contact with certain salts existing in the soil, peroxides are formed by self-oxidation and promote plastics. The polymer chains in the polymer break, they promote each other and complement each other, and the bacteria consume starch, which increases the surface area of ​​the plastic and facilitates auto-oxidative degradation. As time goes by, the polymer chain gradually breaks and shortens, so that the plastic strength decreases until the molecular weight of the polymer is reduced to the extent that it can be metabolized by microorganisms.
Fully biodegradable plastics mainly use natural polymer materials such as starch, waste molasses and biodegradable synthetic polymer materials or water-soluble polymer materials as main raw materials. According to relevant information, a new type of biodegradable packaging buffer (ECO-Foam) recently developed by a company has a starch content of ≥40%, a biodegradable component of ≥60%, a foaming magnification of 30 times, and a density of 0. 033g/cm3, can be used as precision instrumentation, high-grade electronic appliances and other buffer packaging materials, while having good environmental adaptability. The degradation mechanism is that under normal outdoor conditions, ultraviolet light, oxygen, and microorganisms in the natural world act on the product, breaking the main chain of the polymer, causing the molecular weight to drastically drop, and the starch entangled in the polyolefin molecule is decomposed at the same time. broken. The remaining substances can be accepted by the environment and return to nature under the continued action of insects and microorganisms. Microbiologists at the University of Muenster, Germany, are working on a method for producing biodegradable plastics from microorganisms. The method for producing the biodegradable plastics is to convert microorganisms to eat organic substances and convert them into microspheres (polyester compounds), which are then removed from these microbes. Microspheres can be obtained by dissolving them with solvents or enzymatically to obtain "bioplastics". The basic material of this bioplastic is natural fatty acid, so it can be easily degraded.
With the development of science and technology, biodegradable plastics have been developed, but such plastics are expensive and the processing conditions are demanding. Therefore, the promotion of this plastic has also been greatly limited. Low-cost degradable foams have become a research hotspot.
6 Recycled Foam
According to a report by China Plastics Network, the Institute of Chemical Research of the National Autonomous University of Mexico is studying a new method to solve “white pollutionâ€, which can use solutions to restore waste polystyrene foam to its original state of ball. According to the project leader, Jesús Gracia van Derek, the collected polystyrene foam is put into a solution and the polystyrene foam is separated into clean original balls. These balls can be remade into foamed plastic products. Van Derrick pointed out that the world currently uses the "melt granulation method" to recover foam plastics.
Sport Watch for Men,Quartz Analog Men′ Watches,Male Wrist Watch
Stainless Steel Watch Co., Ltd. , http://www.nsladywatches.com