Section 6 Printing of Building Materials - 1

The printing of building materials not only involves ceilings, walls, floors, furniture, etc., but also has been widely used in the interior decoration of televisions, stereo speakers, vehicles, ships, aircrafts, etc., such as various processing of decorative paper, and other materials. The decorative plate made of composite material is well-satisfactory in terms of its surface decoration, brilliance, physical properties, and mechanical properties of the surface.

First, decorative paper printing so-called decorative paper refers to the wood grain or pattern printed on the paper or film, and then attached to the surface of other materials made of plate-like material.
As a wood-grained decorative paper, it is not simply to print a pattern like a natural wood grain, but to obtain material, pattern, and uniformity, quality stability, yield, cost, etc. through printing and processing techniques. Natural wood grain decorating material. With the continuous reduction of natural wood and the tendency to decline in quality, the use of wood-grain decorative paper is constantly expanding. In particular, people's lives are diversified, the style of items is continuously updated, new types of abstract patterns continue to emerge, and the demand for decorative paper is increasing. Rapid growth, therefore, with the improvement of people's living standards, the application of decorative paper will inevitably be popularized. In addition, the development of a variety of decorative board materials, such as partitions, insulation panels, asbestos board, calcium silicate board, gypsum board Such as, to create a favorable condition for the expansion of the use of decorative paper, in addition, these materials are also inherently non-flammable, sound insulation, thermal insulation, lightweight, processing and economic advantages, so decorative paper has a wide range of development prospects .
1. Substrate (base paper for decorative board)
Decorative paper base paper, depending on its purpose, use different types of selection are not the same. As shown in Table 4-13.
Table 4-13 Types and main uses of base paper for decorative boards
23-40g/m2 printed plywood Vinyl chloride has a soft touch, and can only be made into a decorative board protection panel processing furniture and a wall surface user wall only by compounding with the bottom liner. 5-6 layer mixed board decorative gypsum board, wall surface, ceiling Apply vinyl chloride resin or composite on crepe paper for wallpaper Paper-reinforced resin, synthetic paper or mixed paper, inorganic materials, non-combustible ceilings, wall surfaces, furniture a. Adhere to the substrate, used as a natural plywood
b. Laminating with plywood, direct use a. Ceilings, walls, living appliances, furniture
b. Living appliances, furniture Feel soft, with fiber warmth The interior of the ceiling, wall, and furniture (1) Titanium white Titanium white paper is named after its use of 5%-10% titanium oxide as a filler. It is required that the base paper should have color stability and hiding properties, good printability, good post-processability (all kinds of resin impregnation), heat resistance required for light resistance and post-processing, and chemical resistance and resistance. Solvent.
(2) Thin-leaf paper The thin-leaf paper is a general term for 23-40 g/m2 tissue paper, compared with 55-140 g/m2 titanium white paper. If you do not paint, it is usually necessary to fully print for improved coverage. If necessary, apply resin.
The coated resins generally use urethanes, aminoalcohols, and nitrocellulose, depending on the application. Can be coated with the printing line can also be single extension.
(3) Vinyl chloride Vinyl chloride building materials have been widely used in recent years. This is not only due to the improvement of film properties and printing technology, but also due to the progress of post-processing, as well as the unique softness, good feel and printability of vinyl resins, making people realize that only composite processing can no longer meet all aspects. Requirements for decorative boards.
However, vinyl chloride is inferior in heat resistance, abrasion resistance, and scratch resistance to melamine thermosetting resin decorative sheets and the like, and is particularly susceptible to temperature. Therefore, special attention should be paid to film curl storage.
Vinyl chloride consists of vinyl chloride resin, plasticizers, stabilizers, colorants, fillers, lubricants, and the like. The hardness of the film is determined by the content of the plasticizer. When the amount of the plasticizer is small, it becomes a hard vinyl chloride, and when it is a large amount, it becomes a soft vinyl chloride.
After the vinyl chloride film is printed, it is generally subjected to a swage spinning process. The method is heating with a printing roller. Pressurize the surface. The embossing is divided into ordinary embossing and compound embossing.
The ordinary corrugating finishing is after printing on the pattern, the corrugated pattern, and the cloth pleat matching with the printing pattern, and the film is heated and softened by using an embossing roll. This process requires attention to the gloss of the film at the end and the dimensional change of the film due to shrinkage.
The embossed film is composited with materials such as plywood (machine or hand-bonded) to form a decorative panel.
The compound embossing is performed on the surface of the film of vinyl chloride brushed, heated and adhered to a transparent vinyl chloride film, and embossed with a wood-grain pressing tube. The embossing is generally performed simultaneously with the embossing and embossing, and the decorative plate is applied.
These decorative panels can be cut in a V-shape and the inside of the material can be cut into V-shaped grooves to facilitate assembling and assembling into a box type, which is suitable for cyclic operation and easy to realize seamless operation, as shown in Fig. 4-19.
(4) The base paper and gypsum paper are used to inject colloidal gypsum between the base paper for the board, and the gypsum board is formed after molding.
With the reduction of wood-framed houses, the demand for gypsum board has greatly increased. The fire-retardant, heat-resistant, sound-insulating, and economical properties of gypsum board are precisely adapted to the needs of society.
The use of the base paper belongs to the board paper, which is based on the old paper and is composed of 5-6 layers. In particular, for decorative board base paper, in order to improve its adaptability to the printing pen resin coating, the surface layer uses straight-run pulp and calendering.
In order to make the base paper and gypsum have good adhesion, it is necessary to use absorbent paper with holes. Gypsum board molding has a lot of water vapor when it is dry, so it should have a certain degree of air permeability.
There are several types of plasterboards:
1Gypsum plate: built-in substrate, the surface of the wallpaper, paint;
2 Perforated gypsum board: The plate is marked with a half-pass hole, which is absorbed and bonded when plastered with plaster, and becomes a firm wall without cracks.
3gypsum sound-absorbing board: The hole on the plate hits a certain gap, and the suction effect is good. Generally it is used for the ceiling;
4 gypsum board: also known as printing board, with pre-printed raw paper into a board, if necessary, coated with resin and embossed. When the surface properties are required, it can be specially processed to improve its fiber resistance and water resistance, and no processing is required after processing, which is simple and convenient.
(5) The vinyl chloride wallpaper used as a wallpaper has been used in commercial buildings such as restaurants and shops. As the lifestyle has improved, it has begun to enter homes.
The production process of vinyl chloride wallpaper is to apply sol-gel vinyl chloride to the processed paper base. A coating scraper is generally used to form a vinyl chloride film through a baking oven. It can also be produced by the combination of calendered vinyl chloride and paper base.
Most of the printing methods are gravure printing, flexographic printing, and screen printing. If necessary, apply some resin.
Finally, a number of embossing processes were performed, some of which were coated with binders to become wallpapers. The classification of wallpaper is shown in Table 4-14.
Table 4-14 Classification of Wallpapers
Non-combustible paper Synthetic paper Japanese paper Gravure printing Flexographic printing Screen printing paper Unique softness Good air permeability Good workability The vinyl chloride coating or compounding on the base paper Gravure Printing Screen Printing Flexographic Printing Easy-to-Impression Embossing with rich performance, good water resistance and foaming Natural fiber (cotton, hemp, wool)
Chemical fiber (Rayon)
Inorganic fiber feels soft, comfortable and elegant Cork board and press board attached to paper-based flocking The use of aluminum foil to play a natural product characteristics of high-grade products 2. Decorative paper manufacturing process Introduction Decorative paper manufacturing process through a variety of processes, in this paper to the wood grain pattern paper as the focus .
(1) Collection of manuscripts Collect woodgrain patterns of ancient wood, sawn boards, and slicing boards, patterns (marbles), ceramics, fabrics (various carpets), as well as lines and patterns.
(2) Original paint To make the wood grain original rich in color and have a good effect, apply white paint or color paint.
(3) Separation is to retain the characteristics of natural wood, and it is divided into bottom plate, middle plate and core plate. Colored drafts require color filters for color decomposition. Continuous adjustment of the original plus screen lines is generally 70 lines/cm.
(4) Printing mostly uses a multi-color gravure web press to print a woodgrain pattern. The gravure-printed decorative paper has a clear texture and is rich in shades of light and rich in three-dimensional feeling. The patterns are close to real objects and full of realism.
When the wood grain is printed on the paper, the background color is printed first, and then the wood grain pattern is printed with a water-based ink. The commonly used background colors are dark brown and dark yellow, and the formulations are shown in Table 4-15.
Table 4-15 Formulation of color paste (weight ratio)

raw material name