[Abstract] Modernist design is a kind of cultural trend except the old cloth, which wakes a generation from the sleep of elitism. The promotion of functionalism and rationalism, along with the historical trend, has epoch-making significance. Modernism design combines art, technology, and science to give the design a solid structure and good functionality. Modernism strives to ward off false decorations, and is known for less decoration and anti-decoration. And pushing functionalism and rationalism to extremes has seriously ignored people's emotional needs. Today, with the rapid development of science and technology, highly developed civilizations are trying their best to meet people’s craving for material enjoyment while also creating a destitute spiritual world. As a result, pursuing individuality and satisfying oneself has become a soothing and pacifying desire that people cannot reach. Postmodernism began to rebel against rationalism with high emotions, high technology, advocacy of individuality and humanity, and became a design style in parallel with modernism and accepted by the public.
[Key words] modernism design postmodernism design
The Characteristics of a Modernism and Postmodernism
"Leisure Lake has a long shadow, and the material changes the stars a few degrees." After the Crafts and Arts Movement advocated by William Morris, two major schools emerged in the western design field in the 20th century: modernism and postmodernism. The basis of modernist design is functionalism, which advocates Forms Follow Function. The German modernist design master D. Rams elaborated that the basic principles of modernism design are "simple and superior than complex, plain and superior than bright and colorful; single color is better than colored and bright; durable is better than catching up with fashion, rational structure is better than blindness and fashion "This style leads the world of design. As a result, the post-war period was called internationalist style. In 1919, the establishment of Buahus laid the foundation for the design of modernism. It advocates taking rationalism as the starting point and humans' understanding of nature and transforming nature as preconditions, emphasizing an objective physical law to determine and control human subjective human nature. Many modernists, from Germany's Behrens and Gropez to Meuse of the United States, Wright, and France’s Corbusier, have paid attention to function, are simple in shape, object to redundant decorations, and pursue the principle of “less is moreâ€. As a basis for his own design and creation.
Postmodernism first appeared in the field of architecture, and it was the rebellion that originated within modernism, especially the rebellion against the rationalism of modernism. With the decline of modernism in the 1950s, the cultural trend of postmodernism began to prevail. Affected by popular culture in the 1960s, postmodernism showed a critique of the tendency of pure rationalism in modernist style. Postmodernism emphasizes that design should have historical continuity, but it is not rigidly adhered to traditional logical thinking. Explore innovative styling techniques, pay attention to human touch, and pursue personalization. In the design, the exaggerated or classical elements and the modern symbols are often combined with new techniques. That is, non-traditional methods such as blending, superposition, dislocation, fission, symbolism, and metaphor are used to create a sense of fusion. With rationality, the combination of tradition and modernity, and the blending of the masses and the connoisseurs in one, that is, "there is no other, there is one in the other, and there is one in this". Cultural connotation and metaphor of life. Design Online. China
The emergence of two post-modernism
"There are talented people out of the country. They are leaders for hundreds of years." The classical principle of “determining the function†of being devised by modernism, and “the use of a form unrelated to function is equal to crimeâ€. Postmodernism raises doubts about the relationship between modernism and function and form, and diversification, fuzziness, and irregularity in forms, no matter what, neither what is nor what, what is in it, what is in it The context serves as a substitute for the rationality and logic of rationalism, realism, and function in modernist design. Emphasizes the unity and continuity of time and space, the interpenetration of history, and the leading role of human nature. Postmodernism pursues the design of a humanist principle of humanism, centering on the human existence. As a creative activity, design is not only an item but also a way of life and culture. To a large extent, modernism design follows the design principles of functional decision forms, and it seriously ignores human emotions and aesthetic needs. At the same time also changed the original intention of the design: "Design is to create a more reasonable lifestyle for people", resulting in the decline of modernist design. On the core issues of design, modernism emphasizes "rationality," while postmodernism emphasizes "compelling." Postmodernism bases its own theory on an aesthetic system that integrates function and form, and believes that beauty is a united free form of regularity and purposefulness. Modernism emphasizes the former and moves toward an extremely cold-objective school. People’s subjective experiences and feelings are seriously ignored. Postmodernism emphasizes the importance of people's purpose for this point and believes that design is the free expression of human will.
After the modernism was designed to migrate to the United States in the late 1930s, it was combined with the so-called "rich" society in the United States, and it evolved into an internationalist style. This style of internationalism strictly follows the principle of functionalism and reductionism (less is more) in order to achieve a reduction in form or even disregard the function. The original modern European design concept of worrying the country and worrying the people was taken away by the United States, leaving only one body and gradually moving towards formalism. It gradually lost its vitality. Its seemingly noble idealism, Utopia, was suspected. The almost dictatorial and monotonous style of his monopoly is challenged. Second, after two World Wars, it has caused worldwide poverty and material deprivation. People cannot pursue spiritual enjoyment without satisfying material needs. The simple design and modern design products without extra decoration are not only suitable for mass production, but also greatly reduce the production cost, so that most people can afford it. After the war, with the recovery of the economies of various countries, people's material life has been continuously satisfied. The highly developed material civilization, while people’s hunger for material needs, also creates the extreme lack of spirituality and emptiness. This requires “individualized†and “humanized†products to soothe and suppress people’s unattainable levels. The heart desires. At this time, people's demand for products has not only stayed in the satisfaction of the function, but the pursuit of spiritual pleasure: that is to meet the aesthetic value and cultural value. Due to the principles of modernism and the inadaptability of the times, the ruthless and stereotyped design was abandoned. Natural selection, survival of the fittest. The design of modernism has gradually faded out of the historical stage after it completed its historical mission in a specific period. Design Online. China
(to be continued)