The principle of emission spectroscopy used in spectrometers, emission spectroscopy (OES) is a technique used to inspect and quantitatively analyze the constituent elements in materials.
OES takes advantage of the fact that each element has its own unique yard structure. When additional energy is absorbed, each element emits light of a specific wavelength, or color. Because no two elements have the same spectral line. So the elements can be distinguished.
The brightness of the emission spectrum line is proportional to the amount of the corresponding element in the oil sample, so that the concentration of the element can be determined. Under normal circumstances, before excitation, the electrons of each element are transferred to the oil or fuel at its lowest energy, causing the sample to vaporize. The electron absorption capacity in the atom is temporarily forced to leave its elemental nucleus and reach a higher, unstable orbit. After reaching this unstable state, the electrons release the absorbed energy and return to the ground or stable state. The energy released is a specific value, which corresponds to the energy change value during the electron transition in the excited atom. The energy is emitted in the form of light, and the secondary light has a fixed frequency or wavelength (frequency is inversely proportional to the wavelength), which is determined by the energy at the time of electron transition. Since many different electrons of some complex atoms may have many different energy transitions, many different wavelengths of light will be emitted. These spectral lines uniquely correspond to the atomic structure of an element. The intensity of the spectral line is proportional to the concentration of the measured element in the sample.
If there is more than one element in the sample, then each element will have a distinctly different wavelength spectral line. In order to identify and quantify the elements present in the sample, these lines must be separated. Often among many possible choices, only one spectral line is selected to determine the concentration of an element. The selected spectral line is generally brighter and can be protected from the interference of the spectral lines of other elements. To achieve this, an optical system is required. All emission spectrum analyzer systems are composed of three main parts. They are 1) excitation source, 2) optical system, and 3) readout system.
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