The advantage of electron microscope technology is the intuitive, fast and accurate micro-testing, so it has become an important platform for the frontline work of new infectious diseases and biological anti-terrorism. Researchers from the Institute of Life Science and Bioengineering, School of Science, Beijing Jiaotong University On the basis of the advantages of analysis technology, the historical contribution of electron microscopy technology to the development of virology, the role in virus differential diagnosis, the positioning of special virus antigens, the interaction between virus and host cells, and the virus morphology the study.
Electron microscopy (EM) has played a huge role in human understanding of viruses and viral infectious diseases. Although it is sometimes considered laborious, outdated or unnecessary, due to its short detection period (negative staining) and the unknown Pathogen belongs to, so it is suitable for the first line of monitoring of new pathogens. Morphology is an important basis for virus classification. Electron microscopy gives the virus ultrastructural features and morphogenesis visibility, which is very valuable for the clinical diagnosis of unknown pathogens. .
Electron microscopes have been used for nearly 100 years. They are routinely used for morphological characterization and structural analysis of particles with a diameter of 15 nm or more, and the size of the virus is within this range. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) And scanning electron microscope (SEM) are used to observe the internal structure and appearance of SEM respectively. TEM is better than SEM for observing viruses. TEM can obtain two-dimensional information on the inside and outside of the virus, while SEM is limited to viruses Three-dimensional information on the surface. Combining the high resolution of morphological observation and various sample preparation techniques, electron microscopes can gradually meet the needs of ultramicro analysis, dynamic observation and quantitative detection. In addition to distinguishing virus structures, electron microscopy can also analyze virus morphogenesis.
In this article, based on the analysis technology advantages, the researchers focused on the historical contribution of electron microscopy technology to the development of virology, the role in virus differential diagnosis, the positioning of special viral antigens, and the virus-host cell The interaction and virus morphogenetic research, and pointed out that the diagnosis of electron microscope is based on the combination of clinical data and comprehensive data of light microscope and confocal microscope, to avoid artificial artifacts caused by improper operation and wrong results is to overcome the technology The limitations of the important guarantees to play its advantages.
The author points out that EM is an important and supporting tool for clinical virology and its basic research, especially for the research of new and unknown pathogens. It is mainly reflected in the diagnosis of pathogens of new infectious diseases, the display of structural features of pathogens and the study of morphogenesis and Comparative analysis of antiviral drug design and ultrastructure in gene therapy.
The author said that this article only elaborates the basic principles, and the actual operation effect is closely related to the basic skills and morphological diagnosis experience of the technical staff. At the same time, EM research must combine clinical data of cases and routine histopathological analysis. Although Cryo-EM alone It is not suitable for etiological diagnosis, but the combined application of EM, IEM and Cryo-EM can largely take advantage of the advantages of electron microscope technology and overcome its limitations.
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