People-oriented design education

-- Associate Professor of Ning Shaoqiang, Design Department of Guilin Institute of Electronic Technology

Abstract Education, as a means for mankind to seek progress and self-improvement, plays an important role in economic development. The reform and opening up has brought a fast-paced train to the socialist market economy. The demand for design talents has grown as society's development has grown. However, the increasingly utilitarian mentality and the indifference and rational education model have begun to move away from the human spirit. This is worth our deep thinking about designing and educating staff. The purpose of education is not only to impart knowledge, but also to be an important means of shaping and perfecting personality and realizing people's all-round development.

With the rapid advancement of science and technology, the development of education has played a tremendous role in promoting human politics, economy, culture, and science and technology. In particular, the promotion and development of science and technology has brought people a rich material foundation and has satisfied Human desire for material waves and waves. Under the rapid development of science and technology, it is already possible to easily mobilize people and change the world. When science and technology are omnipotent, they gradually assume the role of a savior. Science and technology have become the masters of national political and economic lifelines, and all political goals and The purpose is to serve this premise, education is considered to be only playing a role in this role, and it seems that human beings only survive for this goal. People can not help but ask what is the fundamental purpose of human survival? What is the ultimate purpose of education?

I. Concerns about modern education

The arrival of the information age and the knowledge economy has made large-scale industrial production a traditional industry, but its purpose in pursuing profits will not change. The method of plundering resources has changed from the dissipation of traditional local resources to the transfer of geographical resources. Dissipated, developed countries rely on their strong technical force to carry out economic intrusion and value intrusion into developing countries.

With the development of computer technology, traditional computing methods and operating behaviors have changed. In traditional workflows, computers have replaced some manual behaviors. In terms of design art, they have replaced traditional expression methods, repeated calculations and formulas, and formats. The optimization of choices has released the human left brain and three-dimensional virtual reality, making it possible for many traditional operations to be difficult to achieve. With the emergence of an electronic information exchange system network that integrates communication networks, computers, and databases, texts, sounds, and images can be delivered anywhere, anytime anywhere. Designers, engineers, and entrepreneurs can communicate through Internet technology in different parts of the world and achieve cross-regional and cross-border business and academic exchange activities. The inventor of the Internet declared that the Internet is a "free and equal" world and a "paradox" of "no government, no police, no military, no hierarchy, no poverty, no discrimination." However, in this blissful world, like Pandora's Box, when it spreads information, it also spreads viruses. They are more destructive than traditional industries and more difficult to prevent.

People's excessive reliance on it may cause the right brain to shrink, gradually lack of innovation in thinking, more utilitarian. Judging from the students' graduation design and coursework in recent years, the dependence on computers is beyond our imagination. When teachers point out that students have a lack of design, students will have problems with the configuration of the computer and the color resolution of the printer. To arguing, in the design process even the sketches are too lazy to draw, do not like to use their brains, just want to perfunctory teachers from the database, material library, their own creativity is less and less.

Network technology and distance education give students more choices of information and knowledge. Virtual “teachers” impart knowledge in the disguised reality. Students cannot listen to the teacher’s teachings and feel the human touch. However, the emotional knowledge is hardly accepted by students through cold transfer technology and machines. Students can no longer see lively and amiable teachers' faces. They can't enjoy teachers' words of affection, love, motherhood, blame, and human love. Teachers do not see the face of lively and lovely students, they do not see the eyes that are full of knowledge, and there is no teacher’s fragrance of sweat and chalk in the classroom. They have praised thousands of years of “being teachers”. The episode may have disappeared from then on. Is this the best choice for future education? Obviously not. The results of the Atlantic Monthly's "Dream of Computer Dreams" show that computers are not as educational as people think. Even in the United States, where technology is leading, no one can prove that computers have actually changed teaching quality. Even Steve Jobs, the president of Apple, who strongly promotes classroom information, said that "technology cannot solve education problems."

Second, the reflection of modern design education

When science and technology developed faster and faster, and humans plundered resources unscrupulously, nature began to retaliate against human beings. The earth was warming, flooding, soil erosion, and air pollution. The environment on which people depended on survived unprecedented damage. The concept of life in possession for the purpose of possession and plundering has led to a decline in social values ​​and moral standards of life. The gap between people is getting deeper and deeper. What is wrong with the modern education system that educates and shapes people? Where is the problem? This is worth our deep thinking and reflection.

1. Rereading "Bauhaus" In the early 1920s, the productivity of the modern capitalist world depended on the advancement of science and technology, which changed people's material living environment and changed people's inner thoughts. In order to comply with the unprecedented large-scale industrial production, the German Bauhaus School of Modelling was created. Bauhaus inherited the "New Art Movement" thought pioneered by Britain's Maurice in the end of the 19th century, but there was a difference in behavior. Morris was dissatisfied with the distortion of human nature and the impact of handicraft skills on industrial machine production. While tending to maintain and recollect the traditional Middle Ages's lingering charm, Bauhaus emphasized that "the unification of art and technology" inherited Maurice's "humanity" side and advocated the spirit of creativity. We see the continuation of Morris' "humanization" in the entry written by Walter Gropius for an encyclopedia. "The new visual language that Bauhaus started is to establish an The new cultural unity of the visual representation of the modern industrial society aims to realize the reintegration of culture." "This kind of attitude is based on the overall concept of man as a measure. Artists should be typical of a complete person. They should restore the artist's original position in the world of production and work with scientists and business people to guide nature and make us survive. The environment has the form and meaning of beauty. The artist's creation of organic arrangements based on his life will certainly benefit and promote the beauty of life."

Gropius and Bauhaus's ideal of "balancing people as a standard" and "balanced and comprehensive development" is fully reflected in its education system. In particular, Professor John Eaton, who is the creator of the basic curriculum of Bauhaus, combined eastern spiritual traditions with Western scientific progress to overcome the crisis brought about by the so-called modern material civilization and introduced Oriental Qigong in his educational practice. , Yoga training, breathing adjustment, body relaxation, physical and mental state to achieve stability, concentration and balance. He attaches great importance to inspiring student's personality, and divides the students into three types that tend to be mental manifestations, tend to be rational structures, and tend to be truly reproduced. Different instructions are given. There are many striking similarities between Eaton’s system and traditional Chinese education methods. The place is very much in line with East's performance-oriented system. However, this kind of "humanized" education system has been slowly distorted and destroyed in the development of modern industry. The appearance of "international style" has provided a theoretical excuse for modernism, and their increasingly tended to "explore the era of machine production." New creative potential, with enthusiasm for the machine." Emphasizing the function-determining form, ignoring ethnic characteristics, and personality characteristics, and striving to be pure and against decoration, this international language is gradually pushed toward rationality and standardization, and modernism has finally gone to the extreme.

2. Utilitarian design education In 1952 Spostno’s speech at the University of Cambridge in the United Kingdom mentioned that there are now two different cultural phenomena, that is, the cultural phenomenon of scientists and non-scientists. They blame each other, and they scold each other and do not understand each other. Posno attributed the result of this split of social personality to the result of education. In a large industrialized society, the purpose of production is to pursue the maximum profit, and to control the plunder of natural resources as much as possible. As education itself, it is to teach those "tool people" that meet this utilitarian objective, teach training that emphasizes skills, and train students to become professional technicians required for social development. They pursue the speed and perfection of technological development, advocating functions. The great role of the formation of materialization and materialization of thinking, in order to achieve the goal at all costs, neglected the existence of people as the main body. For the purpose of imparting technology, the use of utilitarian technology to teach it reflects its value, and strengthens the demand for external tools for education. The technology experts trained are shortsighted and underdeveloped. The single-sided “technical man” and the “tool man” "Utilitarians" have no sense of responsibility, no sympathy, no hope of survival, and failure to save the society, making society morally low and mourning.

While screaming "Rejuvenating China through science and education" at home, the real purpose of design education is gradually being overwhelmed by people's desire to use scientific and technological forces to reform poor and backward living conditions. When people suffer from poverty and backwardness, they suddenly become scientific and technological. Power has changed this backward lifestyle, and once it has tasted its sweetness, it will desperately strive to uphold this belief and believe that science and technology can change everything. But in fact, science and technology are a double-edged sword. It can create rich material wealth and can destroy everything that exists in the world. The use of technology in warfare has become the devil of killing. The environment in which mankind survives is endangered by the relentless plundering of high-speed development technology. This has brought about deteriorating consequences. People have to review our education system and violate it. Our original intention.

Design education has gone through more than two decades in our country. From weak to small, from naive to mature, we have initially established a unique disciplinary system, gradually transitioning from the fine arts and arts and crafts model to the characteristics of modern design education. Education model. The reform and opening up has brought a fast-paced train to the socialist market economy. The demand for design talents has increased as a result of social development. As a result, design education has grown rapidly like bamboo shoots. According to statistics, there are nearly 300 colleges in the country that offer design expertise. This undoubtedly injected vitality into design education. However, in a country that is increasingly emphasizing science and technology, such disciplines as designing this unique humanity are also marked with utilitarianism.