According to the color changes produced by the mixed indicator and standard buffer solutions with pH values ranging from 4.0 to 8.0, various colored inorganic reagent solutions are combined in different proportions to create a simulated pH permanent level stock solution. This stock solution is then used to indicate the pH value of an unknown solution. By visually comparing the color of the tested solution with the reference colors from the prepared stock solution, the pH can be estimated and determined. This method provides a simple, cost-effective way to measure pH without the need for electronic devices, making it suitable for fieldwork or basic laboratory settings. The accuracy depends on the quality of the indicators and the consistency of the preparation process. It is important to ensure that the color comparison is done under consistent lighting conditions to avoid errors in interpretation. This technique serves as a practical alternative when more advanced equipment is unavailable.
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