
Several factors can contribute to an increase in the discharge temperature of a compressor, including the intake air temperature, pressure ratio, and compression index. Additionally, various issues can lead to compressor failure. This article focuses on two common problems: abnormal pressure levels and unusual noises during operation.
Abnormal Pressure Levels
If the amount of gas discharged by the compressor is insufficient to meet the user's flow requirements at the rated pressure, it may be necessary to reduce the exhaust pressure. In such cases, switching to another compressor with similar pressure but higher volume output might be required. One of the main causes of abnormal pressure between stages is leakage in the gas valve or piston rings. It’s important to inspect these components and take corrective measures to ensure proper performance.
Unusual Noises
When parts of the compressor fail, they often produce abnormal sounds. Experienced operators can usually identify these sounds and determine their source. For example, if the clearance between the piston and cylinder head is too small, it may cause direct impact, resulting in loud noises. Similarly, loose or damaged piston rod connections or blocked piston ends can also create unusual sounds as the piston moves against the cylinder head.
Additionally, metal fragments or accumulated moisture inside the cylinder can cause knocking sounds. In the crankcase, loosened or broken bolts—such as those securing the crankshaft, connecting rods, or crosshead—can result in a pounding noise. Severe wear on the crankshaft or excessive clearance between the crosshead pin and bushing may also contribute to this issue.
Inside the valve cavity, a broken venting valve piece, a weak or damaged valve spring, or improper adjustment of the load regulator can lead to knocking sounds. These issues need to be addressed promptly to prevent further damage to the compressor.
Other factors that can affect high suction temperatures include poor intermediate cooling efficiency, scaling in the intercooler, or inadequate water supply in water-cooled compressors. These conditions can raise both the suction and exhaust temperatures, leading to increased stress on the system. Gas valve and piston ring leaks not only raise the exhaust temperature but also affect interstage pressure. If the pressure ratio exceeds normal levels, the exhaust temperature will rise accordingly.
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