
Several factors can contribute to an increase in the discharge temperature of a compressor, including the intake air temperature, the pressure ratio, and the compression index. Additionally, various issues can lead to compressor failure. This article focuses on two common problems: abnormal pressure levels and unusual noises during operation.
Abnormal Pressure Levels
When the amount of gas discharged by the compressor does not meet the user’s flow requirements at the rated pressure, the exhaust pressure may drop below expected levels. In such cases, it might be necessary to switch to another compressor that provides the same pressure but with a higher volume. One of the main causes of abnormal pressure between stages is leakage from the gas valve or piston rings. To address this, regular maintenance and inspection are essential to identify and fix these issues before they escalate.
Unusual Noises
Unusual sounds often indicate a problem within the compressor. Experienced operators can usually detect these sounds and determine their source. For example, if the clearance between the piston and cylinder head is too small, it can cause direct impact, resulting in loud noises. Similarly, if the piston rod or connecting nut becomes loose, it may produce a knocking sound as the piston moves up and hits the cylinder head. Accumulated moisture or metal fragments inside the cylinder can also create a knocking noise. In the crankcase, loose bolts, worn shafts, or excessive clearance between the crosshead pin and bushing can lead to percussion sounds. Additionally, broken valve components, weak valve springs, or improper adjustment of the load regulator can result in knocking noises in the valve chamber.
Several real-world factors can affect the suction temperature, such as poor intermediate cooling efficiency or scaling in the intercooler, which hinders heat exchange. When the suction temperature rises, so does the exhaust temperature. Gas valve and piston ring leaks not only increase the exhaust temperature but also alter the interstage pressure. If the pressure ratio exceeds normal levels, the exhaust temperature will inevitably rise. Moreover, water-cooled compressors may experience higher exhaust temperatures if there is insufficient or no cooling water supply.
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