Ultrasonic waves are a type of mechanical wave that results from the propagation of mechanical vibrations through a medium. When the frequency of these vibrations is between 10 Hz and 10,000 Hz, they can be detected by the human ear and are referred to as sound waves. Waves with frequencies below 20 Hz are called infrasound, while those above 20 kHz are known as ultrasound. Ultrasound is commonly used in level detection due to its high directivity and strong penetration.
Sound waves can travel through gases, liquids, and solids, each with different propagation speeds. As sound waves move through a medium, they experience absorption and attenuation. Gases absorb sound most strongly, followed by liquids, while solids have the least absorption. At the interface between two different media, part of the sound wave is reflected. The strength of this reflection depends on the acoustic impedance difference between the two materials. Acoustic impedance is calculated as the product of the medium's density and the speed of sound. When sound waves move between a liquid/solid and a gas, or vice versa, they are almost entirely reflected due to the large impedance mismatch.
As the frequency of sound increases, so does its directionality. High-frequency ultrasonic waves behave almost like straight lines, making them ideal for precise measurements. In level detection, the time interval between the emission of an ultrasonic pulse and the reception of its echo is used to determine the distance to the surface. This principle is widely applied in ultrasonic level gauges.
The working principle of an ultrasonic level gauge relies on the echo method. A probe emits a short ultrasonic pulse toward the liquid surface. After a certain time t, the echo is received. The distance h from the probe to the liquid surface is calculated using the formula:
**H = h - 0.5vt**,
where v is the speed of sound in the medium, and t is the time taken for the pulse to return. Accurate measurement of t allows for precise determination of the liquid level, provided that the speed of sound remains constant or is properly compensated.
One challenge in practical use is determining the optimal emission energy of the ultrasonic waves. Higher energy increases the propagation distance, which is beneficial for large-scale measurements, but may also cause unwanted effects such as cavitation in liquids. Cavitation bubbles consume energy and reduce measurement accuracy. To mitigate this, higher frequency pulses are often used, which reduce per-unit-time energy while increasing pulse amplitude.
The JZ-MA ultrasonic level gauge is a modern solution that combines advanced digital technology with user-friendly design. It offers comprehensive measurement, control, data transmission, and human-machine communication capabilities. Its modular circuit design, military-grade PCB, and compact structure make it highly reliable. Additional modules, such as RS-485 and current output options, allow seamless integration with PLCs and other control systems.
This device uses imported industrial-grade chips and digital temperature compensation to ensure high anti-interference performance. It supports arbitrary upper and lower limit settings, online adjustments, and on-site display. The housing is made of durable ABS engineering plastic, providing excellent waterproof protection and structural integrity. It is ideal for non-contact level measurement, avoiding issues like clogging, corrosion, and leakage that are common in traditional methods.
Key features include wide voltage adaptability (12–24V DC), backup and restore settings, multiple physical function measurement, adjustable analog outputs, full-scale start/end point settings, digital filtering, and echo recognition. It also supports custom serial data formats and has 1–15 levels of emission pulse intensity for flexible operation.
The JZ-MA comes with various output options, including 3-way NPN control, 2-way relay control, 4–20mA current output, RS485, and 0–5V voltage output. It can be connected directly to a PC via a serial port. With a range of up to 15 meters, a blind zone of less than 0.5 meters, and an error margin of 0.25% FS, it is suitable for a wide range of applications.
Its robust design, IP65 protection rating, and optional explosion-proof grade make it ideal for industrial environments. The device’s compact size, easy installation, and versatile connectivity options ensure it meets the needs of both liquid and material level monitoring.
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