Ultrasonic waves are a type of mechanical wave that result from the propagation of mechanical vibrations through a medium. When the frequency of these vibrations falls between 10 Hz and 20,000 Hz, they can be perceived by the human ear and are referred to as sound waves. Frequencies below 20 Hz are known as infrasound, while those above 20 kHz are called ultrasound. Ultrasound is commonly used in level detection due to its unique properties.
Sound waves can travel through gases, liquids, and solids, but their propagation speed varies depending on the medium. As they move through different materials, sound waves experience absorption and attenuation. Gases tend to absorb sound more strongly than liquids, which in turn absorb more than solids. At the interface between two different media, part of the sound wave is reflected. The intensity of this reflection depends on the difference in acoustic impedance between the two sides. Acoustic impedance is calculated as the product of the medium's density and the speed of sound within it. When sound waves move between media with very different impedances—such as from liquid or solid to gas—they are almost completely reflected.
As the frequency of sound increases, the directionality of the wave becomes more pronounced. High-frequency ultrasonic waves can be approximated as straight lines, making them ideal for precise measurements. This directivity is crucial for applications like level measurement, where the distance to the surface is determined by measuring the time it takes for an emitted pulse to return as an echo.
The principle behind ultrasonic level gauges is based on the echo ranging method. An ultrasonic probe emits a short pulse toward the surface of a liquid or material. After a certain time t, the probe detects the reflected echo. Using the formula h = 0.5 × v × t, where v is the speed of sound in the medium, the distance from the probe to the surface can be calculated. If the total height of the container is known, the actual liquid level can then be determined.
To ensure accurate measurements, the speed of sound must remain constant or be compensated for. Variations in temperature, pressure, or the composition of the medium can affect the speed of sound, so modern systems often include digital temperature compensation and other advanced features.
One challenge in using ultrasonic level gauges is determining the appropriate emission energy. Higher energy pulses allow the wave to travel further, which is beneficial for large-scale measurements. However, excessive energy can cause issues such as cavitation in liquids, reducing the effectiveness of the measurement. Therefore, higher frequency pulses are typically used to maintain accuracy while minimizing energy consumption.
Introducing the JZ-MA Ultrasonic Level Gauge, a cutting-edge device designed for precision and versatility. It combines the advantages of various level measurement technologies, featuring a fully digital design with user-friendly interfaces. The gauge uses modular circuitry, military-grade PCBs, and a compact structure, allowing for easy expansion with additional modules like RS-485 or current output options.
Equipped with industrial-grade chips and digital temperature compensation, the JZ-MA offers strong anti-interference capabilities and customizable settings. It supports multiple output modes, including 4–20 mA, 1–5 V, and RS-485, and provides on-site display for real-time monitoring. Its durable ABS casing ensures resistance to water and harsh environments, making it suitable for a wide range of industrial applications.
Key features include adjustable emission pulse intensity, digital filtering, echo recognition, and flexible output configurations. The device also allows for setting upper and lower limits, online adjustment, and interference filtering. It is ideal for both liquid and solid level measurements without direct contact with the medium, avoiding issues like clogging, corrosion, or leakage.
Technical specifications include a range of up to 15 meters, a blind zone of less than 0.5 meters, and an accuracy of 0.25% of full scale. The JZ-MA operates on a wide voltage range (12–24 V DC) and supports various output options, making it compatible with PLCs and other control systems. Its robust design and high performance make it a reliable choice for industrial level monitoring.
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