Fourth, environmental greening
Green is the color of life, and life is calling for green. It is a symbol of harmony, health, safety and well-being. It is a guide for people to buy high-tech products. It is the driving force for the knowledge economy. In short, in a sense, green is an important symbol of modern human civilization. In today's world, people use green as a synonym for both humans and the environment. The wave of green life is becoming an international social hotspot. At the beginning of the new century, green consumption has swept the world. It is moving from the advanced industrial countries of the world to developing countries. Especially the green industry is inextricably linked with human production and life. It provides consumers with more green products and is obliged to provide information for the general public on green products, guide green consumption, green technologies and green products, and work together to promote sustainable economic development and create a green home for future generations. . As an intermediary linking production and life, products have unshirkable responsibility for the current ecological environment problems faced by humans. If the product is at the core, linking the product production process and the use of the product with the post-processing process constitutes a product system that includes raw material extraction, raw material production, product manufacturing and use, and post-use product disposal and recycling. . In this product system, as the input of the system (resources and energy), the problem of resource depletion and energy shortage is caused, and as the output of the system, the “three wastes†emissions cause industrial pollution problems. Therefore, all ecological and environmental issues are indispensable. Closely related to the product system. Therefore, from the product development and design stage, it is necessary to carry out product green design. The development and design of environmentally friendly products has become a hot topic in the current international industry sustainable development action plan, and is also one of the objectives of the international ISO14000 environmental management standard system. Product design is the process of transforming a person's purpose or need into a concrete physical form or tool. Traditional product design theories and methods are based on human-centeredness, starting from satisfying people's needs and solving problems, and ignoring the consumption of resources and energy in the follow-up product production and use, and the discharge of the environment. Therefore, the traditional theory and method of product development and design must be reformed and innovated. According to the theory of industrial ecology and the theory of green engineering design, a new concept of product green design emerged.
The specific design options for various products vary widely, but from the perspective of the design process and methodology, there are still some common concepts and steps. Generally include analysis of product function requirements, definition of product specifications, implementation of design plans, and reference product evaluation. In the traditional product design, the main factors to consider for the above four stages are market and consumer demand, product quality, cost, feasibility of manufacturing technology and other technical and economic factors. The traditional product design often starts from the user's needs and the profit of the company, but seldom considers the pollution to the environment and the depletion of resources, and does not take the eco-environmental factor as an important indicator of product development and design. The manufacture and use of foam plastic snackware is an example, it does bring great convenience to consumers, but it is not easy to decompose in the soil. The goal of green design is to save resources, prevent pollution, maintain the quality of the environment, and maintain a diverse and sustainable ecological system to support long-term, dynamic economic systems. Therefore, new ideas and methods must be introduced in product eco-design:
1. The shift from "people-centered" product design to taking into account people's needs and considering the green design of the ecosystem's security.
2. From the concept phase of product development, introduce ecological environmental variables, and take into consideration comprehensively the traditional design factors such as cost, quality, technical feasibility, and economic effectiveness.
The eco-environmental characteristics of a product are regarded as an important factor in improving the market competitiveness of the product; considering the eco-environmental issues in product development, it is not necessary to completely ignore other factors. Because the product's ecological characteristics are potential features included in the product, if only ecological factors are considered, it is difficult for the product to enter the market. As a result, the product's potential ecological characteristics cannot be realized.
Traditional product design is extensive, it only considers the product's function, quality, and longevity. It does not consider the impact on the environment when the product is used or discarded. Its production mode is the product's life cycle is "cradle to grave." This kind of production mode that consumes a lot of energy, wastes resources, has little function, and has a low recovery rate can achieve economical development in the short term. However, in the long-term interest, it wastes a lot of non-renewable resources on the earth (such as forests, ores, Oil, etc.), and the life of the produced product has become solid waste after the end of its life, and the current level of technology is difficult to handle. This kind of “killing chickens and eggs†can only be achieved through increasing input consumption. Development of the tuxedo pattern at the expense of the environment cannot be sustained. The consequences it must bring are that future generations are deprived of the opportunity to enjoy equal development and consumption. The scientific and technological workers became "crime sinners." Green design is intensive, and its difference from traditional design is that products must fundamentally prevent pollution from the concept formation to manufacturing, and even after recycling. Its mode of production is that the product cycle is "production to reproduction", focusing on regeneration instead of graves. From the point of view of economics, it is called getting the maximum reward at the lowest price. It is characterized by minimizing the product volume and occupying less space; considering the impact on the environment when the product is produced, used, or discarded; reducing product parts, making it easy to recycle, easy to disassemble, and parts or whole machine can be refurbished and recycled to reduce Waste pollution to the environment.
The green elements of the product are different from the traditional product design. It not only focuses on the function of the product, but also emphasizes the product's environmental requirements and safety to human health, and multi-level use of energy and materials. The key to the control of product green design elements is to apply environmental and resource-benefit analysis methods to the design of products to achieve the coordination of functional, environmental, and cost aspects of the products in order to achieve good environmental and economic benefits. AT&T Corporation of America uses the green design method to summarize that the key to the control of design elements is to meet the design elements of regulations, performance, environment, culture and cost requirements at the same time, first of all into the product design.
(to be continued)
Green is the color of life, and life is calling for green. It is a symbol of harmony, health, safety and well-being. It is a guide for people to buy high-tech products. It is the driving force for the knowledge economy. In short, in a sense, green is an important symbol of modern human civilization. In today's world, people use green as a synonym for both humans and the environment. The wave of green life is becoming an international social hotspot. At the beginning of the new century, green consumption has swept the world. It is moving from the advanced industrial countries of the world to developing countries. Especially the green industry is inextricably linked with human production and life. It provides consumers with more green products and is obliged to provide information for the general public on green products, guide green consumption, green technologies and green products, and work together to promote sustainable economic development and create a green home for future generations. . As an intermediary linking production and life, products have unshirkable responsibility for the current ecological environment problems faced by humans. If the product is at the core, linking the product production process and the use of the product with the post-processing process constitutes a product system that includes raw material extraction, raw material production, product manufacturing and use, and post-use product disposal and recycling. . In this product system, as the input of the system (resources and energy), the problem of resource depletion and energy shortage is caused, and as the output of the system, the “three wastes†emissions cause industrial pollution problems. Therefore, all ecological and environmental issues are indispensable. Closely related to the product system. Therefore, from the product development and design stage, it is necessary to carry out product green design. The development and design of environmentally friendly products has become a hot topic in the current international industry sustainable development action plan, and is also one of the objectives of the international ISO14000 environmental management standard system. Product design is the process of transforming a person's purpose or need into a concrete physical form or tool. Traditional product design theories and methods are based on human-centeredness, starting from satisfying people's needs and solving problems, and ignoring the consumption of resources and energy in the follow-up product production and use, and the discharge of the environment. Therefore, the traditional theory and method of product development and design must be reformed and innovated. According to the theory of industrial ecology and the theory of green engineering design, a new concept of product green design emerged.
The specific design options for various products vary widely, but from the perspective of the design process and methodology, there are still some common concepts and steps. Generally include analysis of product function requirements, definition of product specifications, implementation of design plans, and reference product evaluation. In the traditional product design, the main factors to consider for the above four stages are market and consumer demand, product quality, cost, feasibility of manufacturing technology and other technical and economic factors. The traditional product design often starts from the user's needs and the profit of the company, but seldom considers the pollution to the environment and the depletion of resources, and does not take the eco-environmental factor as an important indicator of product development and design. The manufacture and use of foam plastic snackware is an example, it does bring great convenience to consumers, but it is not easy to decompose in the soil. The goal of green design is to save resources, prevent pollution, maintain the quality of the environment, and maintain a diverse and sustainable ecological system to support long-term, dynamic economic systems. Therefore, new ideas and methods must be introduced in product eco-design:
1. The shift from "people-centered" product design to taking into account people's needs and considering the green design of the ecosystem's security.
2. From the concept phase of product development, introduce ecological environmental variables, and take into consideration comprehensively the traditional design factors such as cost, quality, technical feasibility, and economic effectiveness.
The eco-environmental characteristics of a product are regarded as an important factor in improving the market competitiveness of the product; considering the eco-environmental issues in product development, it is not necessary to completely ignore other factors. Because the product's ecological characteristics are potential features included in the product, if only ecological factors are considered, it is difficult for the product to enter the market. As a result, the product's potential ecological characteristics cannot be realized.
Traditional product design is extensive, it only considers the product's function, quality, and longevity. It does not consider the impact on the environment when the product is used or discarded. Its production mode is the product's life cycle is "cradle to grave." This kind of production mode that consumes a lot of energy, wastes resources, has little function, and has a low recovery rate can achieve economical development in the short term. However, in the long-term interest, it wastes a lot of non-renewable resources on the earth (such as forests, ores, Oil, etc.), and the life of the produced product has become solid waste after the end of its life, and the current level of technology is difficult to handle. This kind of “killing chickens and eggs†can only be achieved through increasing input consumption. Development of the tuxedo pattern at the expense of the environment cannot be sustained. The consequences it must bring are that future generations are deprived of the opportunity to enjoy equal development and consumption. The scientific and technological workers became "crime sinners." Green design is intensive, and its difference from traditional design is that products must fundamentally prevent pollution from the concept formation to manufacturing, and even after recycling. Its mode of production is that the product cycle is "production to reproduction", focusing on regeneration instead of graves. From the point of view of economics, it is called getting the maximum reward at the lowest price. It is characterized by minimizing the product volume and occupying less space; considering the impact on the environment when the product is produced, used, or discarded; reducing product parts, making it easy to recycle, easy to disassemble, and parts or whole machine can be refurbished and recycled to reduce Waste pollution to the environment.
The green elements of the product are different from the traditional product design. It not only focuses on the function of the product, but also emphasizes the product's environmental requirements and safety to human health, and multi-level use of energy and materials. The key to the control of product green design elements is to apply environmental and resource-benefit analysis methods to the design of products to achieve the coordination of functional, environmental, and cost aspects of the products in order to achieve good environmental and economic benefits. AT&T Corporation of America uses the green design method to summarize that the key to the control of design elements is to meet the design elements of regulations, performance, environment, culture and cost requirements at the same time, first of all into the product design.
(to be continued)