Humans are not as different as we think, at least when it comes to our immune system. A new study found that, surprisingly, any two people may have thousands of immune cells displaying identical T cell receptors on their surface; these T cell receptors were thought to be like It is unique like snowflakes. These findings suggest that comparing the DNA sequence of T cell receptors in healthy individuals, patients with autoimmune diseases, or recipients of transplanted organs with graft-versus-host disease can help scientists discover ways to change the patient's T cell classification to achieve treatment The purpose of autoimmunity or to improve the compatibility between donors and recipients of transplanted organs.
In order to protect the body from hidden nuisance microorganisms, our immune cells will produce a huge number of different antibodies and T cell receptors. This diversity results from genetic recombination, that is, fragments of different genomes can be stringed together like colored beads and produce various T cell receptor and antibody sequences. This process was originally thought to be a random process, but Harlan Robins and colleagues now show that deep sequencing of genes that make immune cells is actually a very selective process, resulting in the same T cells produced in different people. The number of receptors was unexpectedly small.
In this study, the blood samples collected by the authors of the article contained millions of T cells from 7 healthy donors; they determined more than 5 million DNA sequences in the genes of these T cell receptors . After comparing these sequences, the research team found that the set of T cell receptor sequences used in the human immune system is not a random mixture of all possibilities, it is actually a consistent and The sequence of small subgroups of the identified nature. The author of the article even found that the donors who were combined into different pairs shared thousands of identical T cell receptors. This situation even exists among people with different ethnic characteristics. In other words, the immune systems of different healthy people are more similar than predicted by computer models in the past.
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