The environmental standards for wooden panels used in crates are as follows:
1. **Laminated Timber (Plywood):** Also known as plywood, this material is commonly made from poplar or Chinese fir wood. It is constructed using finger joints, incisions, or other splicing methods. The most common thickness is 18mm, though 16mm is also available. In terms of environmental protection, major brands typically offer E1, E0, or even zero formaldehyde grades, while smaller brands may provide E2 grade.
2. **Wood Board (Blockboard):** This is a type of composite board made by gluing and splicing thin wood strips together. The structure usually consists of five layers, with wood pieces arranged parallel and closely joined. The thickness ranges from 1.2cm to 2.5cm. Major brands often use E1 or E0 grades, while smaller ones might offer E2.
3. **Veneer:** Also called veneer or plywood, this material is created by slicing or peeling natural wood into thin sheets (0.2–1mm thick) and then attaching them to substrates like particleboard, fiberboard, or MDF. Veneer offers a natural grain and color, making it a high-end decorative option. The standard thickness is between 2.6–3mm, and it commonly comes in E1 or E2 grades.
4. **Particle Board:** Also referred to as chipboard or bagasse board, this is made from wood or plant fibers mixed with adhesives and pressed under heat and pressure. It is categorized into low-density (0.25–0.45 g/cm³), medium-density (0.55–0.70 g/cm³), and high-density (0.75–1.3 g/cm³). The standard thickness is 19mm, but 13mm and 16mm are also widely used. E1 and E2 are the most common environmental grades.
5. **Melamine Board:** Known as melamine-faced board, this is a decorative panel made by impregnating paper with melamine resin and pressing it onto particleboard, MDF, or hardboard. It is often used for furniture and cabinetry. The typical thickness ranges from 16–20mm, and it is commonly available in E1 and E2 grades.
6. **MDF (Medium-Density Fiberboard):** Made from wood fibers and synthetic resins, MDF is a versatile and smooth-surfaced material. It is available in thicknesses ranging from 8–25mm, depending on the brand. Environmental grades include E1, E2, and E0, with E1 being the most common.
7. **Plywood (Fine Core Board):** This is a multi-layered board made by laminating three or more thin veneers. The core is typically made from wood slices that are glued together in odd-numbered layers (e.g., 3, 5, 7 layers). Common thicknesses include 3 PCT, 5 PCT, 9 PCT, 12 PCT, 15 PCT, and 18 PCT, where 1 PCT equals 1mm. Standard sizes are 21% and 25%. E1 and E2 grades are most frequently found in the market.
These materials vary in cost, durability, and environmental impact, making it important to choose the right one based on your specific needs and sustainability goals.
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